*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of dere

From Middle English dere, from Old English dæru, daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”), from Proto-West Germanic *daru, from Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”), from Proto-Indo-European *d

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

Hurt; harm; injury.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English dere, from Old English dæru, daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”), from Proto-West Germanic *daru, from Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Middle Dutch dare, dere, Low German dere, Old High German tara, Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁 (dārā), Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymid",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "dere",
        "id": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English dere"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dæru"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dæru"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*daru"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *daru"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*darō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "damage, injury"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰórh₃-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "dare"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dare"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German dere"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "tara"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German tara"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁 (dārā)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धारा",
        "tr": "dhā́rā"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "dere",
      "dere#Middle_English:_harm"
    ],
    [
      "dæru",
      "dæru#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "daru",
      "daru#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*daru",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/daru"
    ],
    [
      "*darō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/darō"
    ],
    [
      "*dʰerh₃-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰerh₃-"
    ],
    [
      "dare",
      "dare#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "dere",
      "dere#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "dere",
      "dere#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "tara",
      "tara#Old_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁",
      "𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁#Avestan"
    ],
    [
      "धारा",
      "धारा#Sanskrit"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
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      "glosses": [
        "Hurt; harm; injury."
      ],
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}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To hurt; harm; injure; wound. · To annoy, trouble, grieve.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English deren, from Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”), from Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”), West Frisian deare, derre (“to harm, injure”), Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”), Middle High German tern (“to injure”). Related to dart.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "etymid",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "to harm"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
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      "name": "root",
      "args": {
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        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-"
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    },
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        "3": "deren"
      },
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    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "derian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to damage, injure, hurt, harm"
      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*darjan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to injure, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to leap, spring"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "dera",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure, damage"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "deare"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian deare"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "deren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure, damage, scathe"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "tern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German tern (“to injure”)"
    }
  ],
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    [
      "deren",
      "deren#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "derian",
      "derian#Old_English"
    ],
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      "*darjan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/darjan"
    ],
    [
      "*dʰerh₃-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰerh₃-"
    ],
    [
      "dera",
      "dera#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "deare",
      "deare#West_Frisian"
    ],
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      "derre",
      "derre#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "deren",
      "deren#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "tern",
      "tern#Middle_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "dart",
      "dart"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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    {
      "pos": "verb",
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        "To hurt; harm; injure; wound.",
        "To annoy, trouble, grieve."
      ],
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        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ],
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

Pronunciation spelling of there.

pron

Pronunciation spelling of there.

adv

Pronunciation spelling of there.

intj

Pronunciation spelling of there.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "pos": "noun",
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        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
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        "uncountable"
      ],
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      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "tags": [
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        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ],
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      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "not-comparable",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for dere →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZGVyZQ