Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To hold in belief or estimation; to adjudge as a conclusion; to regard as being; to evaluate according to one's beliefs; to account. · To think, judge, or have or hold as an opinion; to decide or believe on consideration; to suppose. · To judge, to pass judgment on; to doom, to sentence. · To adjudge, to decree.
From Middle English dēmen (“to judge; to criticize, condemn; to impose a penalty on, sentence; to direct, order; to believe, think, deem”), from Old English dēman (“to decide, decree, deem”), from Proto-West Germanic *dōmijan, from Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to set, put”). The word is cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål dømme (“to judge”), Dutch doemen (“to condemn, foredoom”), North Frisian dema (“to judge, recognise”), Norwegian Nynorsk døma (“to judge”), Swedish döma (“to judge, sentence, condemn”), Finnish tuomita (“to judge”). It is also related to doom.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*dʰeh₁-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentiondemenenm
- Inherited-form mentiondēmanang
- Inherited-form mention*dōmijangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*dōmijanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*dʰeh₁-ine-pro
- Cognate mentiondoemennl
- Cognate mentiondemafrr
- Cognate mentiondømann
- Cognate mentiondömasv
- Cognate mentiontuomitafi
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "demen",
"4": "dēmen",
"5": "to judge; to criticize, condemn; to impose a penalty on, sentence; to direct, order; to believe, think, deem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dēmen (“to judge; to criticize, condemn; to impose a penalty on, sentence; to direct, order; to believe, think, deem”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dēman",
"4": "",
"5": "to decide, decree, deem"
},
"expansion": "Old English dēman (“to decide, decree, deem”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"3": "*dōmijan"
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dōmijan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to judge, think"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to set, put"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to set, put”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb",
"2": "dømme",
"3": "",
"4": "to judge"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål dømme (“to judge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doemen",
"3": "",
"4": "to condemn, foredoom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doemen (“to condemn, foredoom”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dema",
"3": "",
"4": "to judge, recognise"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian dema (“to judge, recognise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "døma",
"3": "",
"4": "to judge"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk døma (“to judge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "döma",
"3": "",
"4": "to judge, sentence, condemn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish döma (“to judge, sentence, condemn”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tuomita",
"3": "",
"4": "to judge"
},
"expansion": "Finnish tuomita (“to judge”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"dēmen",
"demen#Middle_English"
],
[
"dēman",
"deman#Old_English"
],
[
"*dōmijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dōmijan"
],
[
"*dōmijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōmijaną"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-"
],
[
"Danish",
"dømme#Danish"
],
[
"dømme",
"dømme#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"doemen",
"doemen#Dutch"
],
[
"dema",
"dema#North_Frisian"
],
[
"døma",
"døma#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"döma",
"döma#Swedish"
],
[
"tuomita",
"tuomita#Finnish"
],
[
"doom",
"doom#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To hold in belief or estimation; to adjudge as a conclusion; to regard as being; to evaluate according to one's beliefs; to account.",
"To think, judge, or have or hold as an opinion; to decide or believe on consideration; to suppose.",
"To judge, to pass judgment on; to doom, to sentence.",
"To adjudge, to decree."
],
"tags": [
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"ambitransitive",
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"transitive"
],
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