Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Dirt (or grime) ingrained on the hands, or in cracks, crevices, etc.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo smear, daub, plaster, or impregnate, especially with dirt which becomes hard and ingrained.
From Middle English dechen, from Old English dēċan (“to smear, plaster, daub”), from Proto-West Germanic *dōkijan (“to apply with a rag or cloth, smear”), from *dōk (“cloth, rag”), from Proto-Germanic *dōkaz (“rag”); see duck (“canvas, cloth”). Cognate with Dutch doeken, German tuchen. For the noun sense, compare gound.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dechen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dēċan",
"t": "to smear, plaster, daub"
},
"expansion": "Old English dēċan (“to smear, plaster, daub”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dōkijan",
"t": "to apply with a rag or cloth, smear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dōkijan (“to apply with a rag or cloth, smear”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōkaz",
"t": "rag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōkaz (“rag”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doeken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doeken"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "tuchen"
},
"expansion": "German tuchen"
}
],
"links": [
[
"dechen",
"dechen#Middle_English"
],
[
"dēċan",
"decan#Old_English"
],
[
"*dōkijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dōkijan"
],
[
"*dōk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dōk"
],
[
"*dōkaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōkaz"
],
[
"duck",
"duck#English"
],
[
"doeken",
"doeken#Dutch"
],
[
"tuchen",
"tuchen#German"
],
[
"gound",
"gound#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Dirt (or grime) ingrained on the hands, or in cracks, crevices, etc."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"UK",
"dialectal",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"recordId": "48789e323cb2ca2cd96a46f0e78973229ed370731819d05a1267b9f12063b7ae",
"rawRecordSha256": "afc7728dd70c1571e558f236b8a7fd642b9a2d0e866d0596832022ca958006ac",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 4088374
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To smear, daub, plaster, or impregnate, especially with dirt which becomes hard and ingrained."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "ff4e8ea4e16b0da3932367e259803b942fbdad83e3aebfc06e4e3ae0da8dbc51",
"rawRecordSha256": "876798efcba751ec4d098280563325e78e2613190e0a56267ed240aec3edf6c8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 4088373
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}