*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of dowf

From Middle English [Term?], from Old Norse daufr (“deaf”) (whence also Icelandic daufur (“deaf, dull”)), from Proto-Germanic *daubaz (“deaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰūbʰ-, *dʰūp- (“to smoke”). Doublet of daff, deaf

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
adj

Dull; flat; denoting a defect of spirit, animation, or courage; melancholy; gloomy; inactive; listless; lethargic; pithless; vapid; lacking force; frivolous. · Dull; hollow.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English [Term?], from Old Norse daufr (“deaf”) (whence also Icelandic daufur (“deaf, dull”)), from Proto-Germanic *daubaz (“deaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰūbʰ-, *dʰūp- (“to smoke”). Doublet of daff, deaf, and dof. Compare dove ("to slumber"). More at deaf.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "daufr",
        "4": "",
        "5": "deaf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse daufr (“deaf”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "daufur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "deaf, dull"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic daufur (“deaf, dull”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*daubaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "deaf"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *daubaz (“deaf”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰūbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰūbʰ-"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "daff",
        "3": "deaf",
        "4": "dof"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of daff, deaf, and dof"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "daufr",
      "daufr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "daufur",
      "daufur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "*daubaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daubaz"
    ],
    [
      "*dʰūbʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰūbʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*dʰūp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰūp-"
    ],
    [
      "daff",
      "daff#English"
    ],
    [
      "deaf",
      "deaf#English"
    ],
    [
      "dof",
      "dof#English"
    ],
    [
      "dove",
      "dove#English"
    ],
    [
      "deaf",
      "deaf#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Dull; flat; denoting a defect of spirit, animation, or courage; melancholy; gloomy; inactive; listless; lethargic; pithless; vapid; lacking force; frivolous.",
        "Dull; hollow."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 3670690
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for dowf →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZG93Zg