Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗A recipient of hospitality, especially someone staying by invitation at the house of another. · A patron or customer in a hotel etc. · An invited visitor or performer to an institution or to a broadcast. · A user given temporary access to a system despite not having an account of their own.
From Middle English gest, from Old Norse gestr, which replaced or was merged with Old English ġiest, both from Proto-Germanic *gastiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, host, someone with whom one has reciprocal duties of hospitality”). Doublet of host, from Latin. Cognates West-Germanic: :* Bavarian Gåst (“guest”) :* Dutch gast (“guest”) :* German Gast (“guest”) :* Luxembourgish Gaascht (“guest”) :* Vilamovian gost (“guest”) :* Yiddish גאַסט (gast, “guest”) North-Germanic: :* Danish gæst (“guest, visitor”) :* Faroese and Icelandic gestur (“guest”) :* Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk gjest (“guest”) :* Swedish gäst (“guest”) East-Germanic: :* Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (gasts, “guest”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiongestenm
- Derivation mentiongestrnon
- Cognate mentionġiestang
- Derivation mention*gastizgem-pro
- Derivation mention*gʰóstisine-pro
- Doublet mentionhosten
- Cognate mentionGåstbar · guest
- Cognate mentiongastnl · guest
- Cognate mentionGastde · guest
- Cognate mentionGaaschtlb · guest
- Cognate mentiongostwym
- Cognate mentionגאַסטyi
- Cognate mentiongæstda
- Cognate mentiongästsv
- Cognate mention𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃got
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gest"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gest"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "gestr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gestr"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġiest"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġiest"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gastiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gastiz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰóstis",
"4": "",
"5": "stranger, guest, host, someone with whom one has reciprocal duties of hospitality"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, host, someone with whom one has reciprocal duties of hospitality”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "host"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of host"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Gåst",
"t": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian Gåst (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gast",
"t": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gast (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gast",
"t": "guest"
},
"expansion": "German Gast (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Gaascht",
"t": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Gaascht (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "gost",
"3": "",
"4": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian gost (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "גאַסט",
"3": "",
"4": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish גאַסט (gast, “guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gæst",
"3": "",
"4": "guest, visitor"
},
"expansion": "Danish gæst (“guest, visitor”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo, is",
"2": "gestur",
"3": "",
"4": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic gestur (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb, nn",
"2": "gjest",
"3": "",
"4": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk gjest (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gäst",
"3": "",
"4": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gäst (“guest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "guest"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (gasts, “guest”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"gest",
"gest#Middle_English"
],
[
"gestr",
"gestr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"ġiest",
"giest#Old_English"
],
[
"*gastiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gastiz"
],
[
"*gʰóstis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰóstis"
],
[
"host",
"host#English"
],
[
"Gåst",
"Gåst#Bavarian"
],
[
"gast",
"gast#Dutch"
],
[
"Gast",
"Gast#German"
],
[
"Gaascht",
"Gaascht#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"gost",
"gost#Vilamovian"
],
[
"גאַסט",
"גאַסט#Yiddish"
],
[
"gæst",
"gæst#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"gestur#Faroese"
],
[
"gestur",
"gestur#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"gjest#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"gjest",
"gjest#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"gäst",
"gäst#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃",
"𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃#Gothic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "ゲスト",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gesuto"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "게스트",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "geseuteu"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "ges",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "gesti",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A recipient of hospitality, especially someone staying by invitation at the house of another.",
"A patron or customer in a hotel etc.",
"An invited visitor or performer to an institution or to a broadcast.",
"A user given temporary access to a system despite not having an account of their own."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "a6c9e4a73934eab95a803cc2530545660ca48a3b3a603afe4cb531bb70076a90",
"rawRecordSha256": "62d3b5b40c65d68a0451cabd1a0c34ec759f02df7133cdb1e3202b09be5994bf",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 159385
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 2,
"glosses": 0
}
}