Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA number of things or persons being in some relation to one another. · A set with an associative binary operation, under which there exists an identity element, and such that each element has an inverse. · An effective divisor on a curve. · A (usually small) group of people who perform music together.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *kruppazder. Frankish *kruppbor. Vulgar Latin *cruppus Italian gruppobor. French groupebor. ▲ Italian gruppobor. English group From French groupe (“cluster, group”), from Italian gruppo, groppo (“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”). Displaced native Old English hād (“tribe, group”). In the "group theory" sense, calqued from French groupe, a term coined by the young French mathematician Évariste Galois in 1830. Cognate with German Kropf (“crop, craw, bunch”); Old English cropp, croppa (“cluster, bunch, sprout, flower, berry, ear of corn, crop”) (whence English crop); Dutch krop (“craw”), Icelandic kroppr (“hump, bunch”). Doublet of crop and croup. Compare Persian گروه.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 12 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:groupe<id:set>",
"4": ":bor",
"5": "it:gruppo<id:group>",
"id": "set",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *kruppazder.\nFrankish *kruppbor.\nVulgar Latin *cruppus\nItalian gruppobor.\nFrench groupebor.\n▲\nItalian gruppobor.\nEnglish group\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"set\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"group\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*grewbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kruppaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*krupp\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*cruppus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"gruppo\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"groupe\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"group\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"it\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"la-vul:*cruppus\", \"id\" : \"group\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"gruppo\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"group\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"set\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"group\" id=\"English:_set\">"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "groupe",
"t": "cluster, group"
},
"expansion": "French groupe (“cluster, group”)"
},
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"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "gruppo"
},
"expansion": "Italian gruppo"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hād",
"3": "",
"4": "tribe, group"
},
"expansion": "Old English hād (“tribe, group”)"
},
{
"name": "cal",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "groupe",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "French groupe"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kropf",
"3": "",
"4": "crop, craw, bunch"
},
"expansion": "German Kropf (“crop, craw, bunch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cropp"
},
"expansion": "Old English cropp"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crop"
},
"expansion": "English crop"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krop",
"3": "",
"4": "craw"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krop (“craw”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kroppr",
"3": "",
"4": "hump, bunch"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kroppr (“hump, bunch”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crop",
"3": "croup"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crop and croup"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گروه"
},
"expansion": "Persian گروه"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:groupe<id:set>",
"4": ":bor",
"5": "it:gruppo<id:group>",
"id": "set",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *kruppazder.\nFrankish *kruppbor.\nVulgar Latin *cruppus\nItalian gruppobor.\nFrench groupebor.\n▲\nItalian gruppobor.\nEnglish group"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*grewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/grewbʰ-"
],
[
"*kruppaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kruppaz"
],
[
"*krupp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krupp"
],
[
"*cruppus",
"Reconstruction:Latin/cruppus"
],
[
"gruppo",
"gruppo#Italian:_group"
],
[
"groupe",
"groupe#French:_set"
],
[
"gruppo",
"gruppo#Italian:_group"
],
[
"groupe",
"groupe#French"
],
[
"gruppo",
"gruppo#Italian"
],
[
"groppo",
"groppo#Italian"
],
[
"hād",
"had#Old_English"
],
[
"calqued",
"calque#Verb"
],
[
"groupe",
"groupe#French"
],
[
"Kropf",
"Kropf#German"
],
[
"cropp",
"cropp#Old_English"
],
[
"croppa",
"croppa#Old_English"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#English"
],
[
"krop",
"krop#Dutch"
],
[
"kroppr",
"kroppr#Icelandic"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#English"
],
[
"croup",
"croup#English"
],
[
"گروه",
"گروه#Persian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gulf Arabic",
"lang_code": "afb",
"word": "قروب",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grūp"
},
{
"lang": "Hijazi Arabic",
"lang_code": "acw",
"word": "قروب",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grūb"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "グループ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gurūpu"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "그룹",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "geurup"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "grup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "grupu",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"word": "kulupu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"word": "گرُوپ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grūp"
},
{
"lang": "Ushojo",
"lang_code": "ush",
"word": "گروپ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grōp"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "grŵp",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.",
"A set with an associative binary operation, under which there exists an identity element, and such that each element has an inverse.",
"An effective divisor on a curve.",
"A (usually small) group of people who perform music together."
],
"tags": [
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"archaic"
],
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