Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. · Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound. · To send a user a message via the Growl software library. · To express (something) by growling.
A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal. · A similar sound made by a human. · The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach. · An aggressive grumbling.
From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill. The noun is derived from the verb.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "groulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English groulen"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "groler"
},
"expansion": "Old French groler"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*grullen"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *grullen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gryllan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gryllan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gruljaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to grumble"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will"
},
"expansion": "German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grillan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grillan"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³"
}
],
"links": [
[
"groulen",
"groulen#Middle_English"
],
[
"grollen",
"grollen#Middle_English"
],
[
"gurlen",
"gurlen#Middle_English"
],
[
"groler",
"groler#Old_French"
],
[
"croler",
"croler#Old_French"
],
[
"grouler",
"grouler#Old_French"
],
[
"grouller",
"grouller#Old_French"
],
[
"*grullen",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grullen"
],
[
"*gruljan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gruljan"
],
[
"gryllan",
"gryllan#Old_English"
],
[
"*gruljaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gruljaną"
],
[
"*gʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰer-"
],
[
"grollen",
"grollen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"grollen",
"grollen#Dutch"
],
[
"grollen",
"grollen#German"
],
[
"grillan",
"grillan#Old_English"
],
[
"griellan",
"griellan#Old_English"
],
[
"grill",
"grill#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.",
"Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound.",
"To send a user a message via the Growl software library.",
"To express (something) by growling."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
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],
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal.",
"A similar sound made by a human.",
"The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach.",
"An aggressive grumbling."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalSenses": 4,
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}
}