*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of gross

From Middle English gros (“large, thick, full-bodied; coarse, unrefined, simple”), from Old French gros, from Latin grossus (“big, fat, thick”, in Late Latin also “coarse, rough”), of uncertain further origin but perhaps

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
adj

Remarkably great, big, vast in an often unpleasant way; (of behaviour) Highly or conspicuously offensive. · Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts. · Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed. · Causing disgust.

verb

To earn money, not including expenses.

noun

Twelve dozen = 144. · The total amount (of goods, money, etc) before taxes, expenses, exceptions, tares, or similar deductions are subtracted. · The bulk; the mass.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English gros (“large, thick, full-bodied; coarse, unrefined, simple”), from Old French gros, from Latin grossus (“big, fat, thick”, in Late Latin also “coarse, rough”), of uncertain further origin but perhaps related to Proto-Celtic *brassos (“great, violent”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*gʰer-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentiongrosenm
  • Derivation mentiongrosfro
  • Derivation mentiongrossusla · big, fat, thick

This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
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      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-",
        "id": "rub"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gros",
        "4": "",
        "5": "large, thick, full-bodied; coarse, unrefined, simple"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gros (“large, thick, full-bodied; coarse, unrefined, simple”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "gros"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French gros"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grossus",
        "t": "big, fat, thick",
        "pos": "in Late Latin also “coarse, rough”"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin grossus (“big, fat, thick”, in Late Latin also “coarse, rough”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*brassos",
        "t": "great, violent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brassos (“great, violent”)"
    }
  ],
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      "gros",
      "gros#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "gros",
      "gros#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "grossus",
      "grossus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*brassos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/brassos"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Remarkably great, big, vast in an often unpleasant way; (of behaviour) Highly or conspicuously offensive.",
        "Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.",
        "Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.",
        "Causing disgust."
      ],
      "tags": [
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        "Canada",
        "US",
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    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To earn money, not including expenses."
      ],
      "tags": [
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      "glosses": [
        "Twelve dozen = 144.",
        "The total amount (of goods, money, etc) before taxes, expenses, exceptions, tares, or similar deductions are subtracted.",
        "The bulk; the mass."
      ],
      "tags": [
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    "descendants": 0,
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for gross →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Z3Jvc3M