Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryMorose, stern, surly, sullen. · Low, deep in the throat; guttural
From Middle English grom, from Old English grom, gram (“angry, wrathful”), from Proto-Germanic *gramaz (“angry, bearing a grudge”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder, rub, tear, scratch”). Probably influenced in form by glum. Compare also Danish grum (“cruel, atrocious, fell”), Swedish grym (“cruel, furious, terrible”). See also grim, gram, grump.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grom"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grom"
},
"expansion": "Old English grom"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gramaz",
"4": "",
"5": "angry, bearing a grudge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gramaz (“angry, bearing a grudge”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to thunder, rub, tear, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder, rub, tear, scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grum",
"3": "",
"4": "cruel, atrocious, fell"
},
"expansion": "Danish grum (“cruel, atrocious, fell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grym",
"3": "",
"4": "cruel, furious, terrible"
},
"expansion": "Swedish grym (“cruel, furious, terrible”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"grom",
"grom#Middle_English"
],
[
"grom",
"grom#Old_English"
],
[
"gram",
"gram#Old_English"
],
[
"*gramaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gramaz"
],
[
"*gʰrem-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrem-"
],
[
"glum",
"glum"
],
[
"grum",
"grum#Danish"
],
[
"grym",
"grym#Swedish"
],
[
"grim",
"grim#English"
],
[
"gram",
"gram#English"
],
[
"grump",
"grump#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Morose, stern, surly, sullen.",
"Low, deep in the throat; guttural"
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "dc7d4f4816d660417fa83fddad76534d96623ec6ac4a3b358083a4eaa2a23539",
"rawRecordSha256": "efc489effd471c25b2609e231378e05db04d392134e9a159c55d910499c4cc18",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 779345
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}