Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adj
having a rough, surly, and harsh demeanor and nature. · hoarse-voiced. · hoarse.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo speak gruffly.
16th century, from Dutch grof and/or Middle Low German grof (both “rough, coarse, rude”), from Old Dutch *grof or Old Saxon *grof, both from Proto-West Germanic *grob, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz (“coarse, rough”), possibly from an earlier *gahrubaz and then related with *hreubaz (“scabby, rough, scrubby”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian groaf (“rough, coarse, crude”), West Frisian grof (“rough, coarse, crude”), Low German groff (“rough, coarse, crude”), German grob (“rough, coarse, crude”), Swedish grov (“rough, coarse, crude”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Borrowed-form mentiongrofnl
- Derivation mentiongrofgml
- Derivation mention*grofodt
- Derivation mention*grofosx
- Derivation mention*grobgmw-pro
- Derivation mention*grubazgem-pro · coarse, rough
- Cognate mentiongroafstq · rough, coarse, crude
- Cognate mentiongroffy · rough, coarse, crude
- Cognate mentiongroffnds · rough, coarse, crude
- Cognate mentiongrobde · rough, coarse, crude
- Cognate mentiongrovsv · rough, coarse, crude
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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