Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone). · To make a present or gift of. · To pledge. · To provide (something) to (someone), to allow or afford.
From Middle English given, yeven, yiven, ȝiven, from merger of Old English ġefan, ġeofan, ġiefan, ġifan, ġiofan, ġyfan (“to give”) and Old Norse gefa (“to give”), from Proto-Germanic *gebaną (“to give”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give; to take”). Displaced yive, from Middle English yiven, of the same origin, from influence of Old Norse gefa. Cognates Cognate with Yola gee, ye, yie, yive (“to give”), Scots gie (“to give”), North Frisian gjiuwe, iiv, jiiw, jiw, jeewe (“to give”), West Frisian jaan (“to give”), Alemannic German gë (“to give”), Bavarian gebn (“to give”), Central Franconian jevve (“to give”), Cimbrian gem, ghèban (“to give”), Dutch geven (“to give”), German geben (“to give”), Luxembourgish ginn (“to give”), Vilamovian gaon (“to give”), Yiddish געבן (gebn, “to give”), Danish give (“to give”), Elfdalian djävå (“to give”), Faroese geva (“to give”), Icelandic gefa (“to give”), Norwegian Bokmål gi (“to give”), Norwegian Nynorsk gi, giva, gje, gjeva, gjeve (“to give”), Swedish ge, gifva, giva (“to give”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban, “to give”); also Greek κεφάλι (kefáli), κεφαλή (kefalí, “head”), Lithuanian gobti (“cover up; to grab, snatch”), Polish gabać (“to touch; to tap; to accost”), Serbo-Croatian ха̏бати, hȁbati (“to abrade, wear out”), Sanskrit गभस्ति (gabhasti, “shining”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*gʰebʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentiongivenenm
- Derivation mentionġefanang
- Derivation mentiongefanon · to give
- Derivation mention*gebanągem-pro · to give
- Derivation mention*gʰebʰ-ine-pro · to give; to take
- Cognate mentiongeeyol
- Cognate mentiongiesco · to give
- Cognate mentiongjiuwefrr
- Cognate mentionjaanfy · to give
- Cognate mentiongëgsw · to give
- Cognate mentiongebnbar · to give
- Cognate mentionjevvegmw-cfr · to give
- Cognate mentiongemcim
- Cognate mentiongevennl · to give
- Cognate mentiongebende · to give
- Cognate mentionginnlb · to give
- Cognate mentiongaonwym · to give
- Cognate mentionגעבןyi · to give
- Cognate mentiongiveda · to give
- Cognate mentiondjävåovd · to give
- Cognate mentiongevafo · to give
- Cognate mentiongefais · to give
- Cognate mentionginb · to give
- Cognate mentionginn
- Cognate mentiongesv
- Cognate mention𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽got · to give
- Cognate mentionκεφάλιel
- Cognate mentiongobtilt · cover up; to grab, snatch
- Cognate mentiongabaćpl · to touch; to tap; to accost
- Cognate mentionха̏батиsh
- Cognate mentionगभस्तिsa · shining
This page abbreviates 24 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰebʰ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "given"
},
"expansion": "Middle English given"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġefan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġefan"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "gefa",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gefa (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gebaną",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gebaną (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰebʰ-",
"t": "to give; to take"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give; to take”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Displaced"
},
"expansion": "Displaced"
},
{
"name": "displaced",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yive",
"sl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Displaced yive"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "yiven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yiven"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gee"
},
"expansion": "Yola gee"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gie",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Scots gie (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gjiuwe"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian gjiuwe"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "jaan",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian jaan (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gë",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German gë (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gebn",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian gebn (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "jevve",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian jevve (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian gem"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "geven",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Dutch geven (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "geben",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "German geben (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "ginn",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish ginn (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "gaon",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian gaon (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "געבן",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish געבן (gebn, “to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "give",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Danish give (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "djävå",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian djävå (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "geva",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Faroese geva (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gefa",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gefa (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gi",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gi (“to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gi"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gi"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ge"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ge"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to give"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban, “to give”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κεφάλι"
},
"expansion": "Greek κεφάλι (kefáli)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gobti",
"t": "cover up; to grab, snatch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gobti (“cover up; to grab, snatch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gabać",
"t": "to touch; to tap; to accost"
},
"expansion": "Polish gabać (“to touch; to tap; to accost”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ха̏бати"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ха̏бати"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गभस्ति",
"t": "shining"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गभस्ति (gabhasti, “shining”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"given",
"given#Middle_English"
],
[
"yeven",
"yeven#Middle_English"
],
[
"yiven",
"yiven#Middle_English"
],
[
"ȝiven",
"ȝiven#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġefan",
"gefan#Old_English"
],
[
"ġeofan",
"geofan#Old_English"
],
[
"ġiefan",
"giefan#Old_English"
],
[
"ġifan",
"gifan#Old_English"
],
[
"ġiofan",
"giofan#Old_English"
],
[
"ġyfan",
"gyfan#Old_English"
],
[
"gefa",
"gefa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*gebaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gebaną"
],
[
"*gʰebʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰebʰ-"
],
[
"yive",
"yive#English"
],
[
"yiven",
"yiven#Middle_English"
],
[
"gefa",
"gefa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"gee",
"gee#Yola"
],
[
"ye",
"ye#Yola"
],
[
"yie",
"yie#Yola"
],
[
"yive",
"yive#Yola"
],
[
"gie",
"gie#Scots"
],
[
"gjiuwe",
"gjiuwe#North_Frisian"
],
[
"iiv",
"iiv#North_Frisian"
],
[
"jiiw",
"jiiw#North_Frisian"
],
[
"jiw",
"jiw#North_Frisian"
],
[
"jeewe",
"jeewe#North_Frisian"
],
[
"jaan",
"jaan#West_Frisian"
],
[
"gë",
"gë#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"gebn",
"gebn#Bavarian"
],
[
"jevve",
"jevve#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"gem",
"gem#Cimbrian"
],
[
"ghèban",
"ghèban#Cimbrian"
],
[
"geven",
"geven#Dutch"
],
[
"geben",
"geben#German"
],
[
"ginn",
"ginn#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"gaon",
"gaon#Vilamovian"
],
[
"געבן",
"געבן#Yiddish"
],
[
"give",
"give#Danish"
],
[
"djävå",
"djävå#Elfdalian"
],
[
"geva",
"geva#Faroese"
],
[
"gefa",
"gefa#Icelandic"
],
[
"gi",
"gi#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"gi",
"gi#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"giva",
"giva#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"gje",
"gje#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"gjeva",
"gjeva#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"gjeve",
"gjeve#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"ge",
"ge#Swedish"
],
[
"gifva",
"gifva#Swedish"
],
[
"giva",
"giva#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽",
"𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
],
[
"κεφάλι",
"κεφάλι#Greek"
],
[
"κεφαλή",
"κεφαλή#Greek"
],
[
"gobti",
"gobti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"gabać",
"gabać#Polish"
],
[
"ха̏бати",
"хабати#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"hȁbati",
"habati#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"गभस्ति",
"गभस्ति#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "givim",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone).",
"To make a present or gift of.",
"To pledge.",
"To provide (something) to (someone), to allow or afford."
],
"tags": [
"ditransitive"
],
"recordId": "0f97a314fdd0cdee2b3991c0a74bb563f3f4ebf1af71e4d719004d1f6e86b3b7",
"rawRecordSha256": "0c605f9c0d7c9924fc87d4158d7f74e8ce54dfd6c008bc8a34f000c270269b88",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 13274
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 24,
"glosses": 0
}
}