Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗The act of gaining; acquisition. · The thing or things gained. · The factor by which a signal is multiplied.
To acquire possession of. · To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress. · To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition. · To increase.
From Middle English gayn, gain, gein (“profit, advantage”), from Old Norse gagn (“benefit, advantage, use”), from Proto-Germanic *gagną, *gaganą (“gain, profit", literally "return”), from Proto-Germanic *gagana (“back, against, in return”), a reduplication of Proto-Germanic *ga- (“with, together”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with Icelandic gagn (“gain, advantage, use”), Swedish gagn (“benefit, profit”), Danish gavn (“gain, profit, success”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gageigan, “to gain, profit”), Old Norse gegn (“ready”), dialectal Swedish gen (“useful, noteful”), Latin cum (“with”); see gain-, again, against. Compare also Middle English gaynen, geinen (“to be of use, profit, avail”), Icelandic and Swedish gagna (“to avail, help”), Danish gavne (“to benefit”). The Middle English word was reinforced by Middle French gain (“gain, profit, advancement, cultivation”), from Old French gaaing, gaaigne, gaigne, a noun derivative of gaaignier, gaigner (“to till, earn, win”), from Frankish *waiþanōn (“to pasture, graze, hunt for food”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *waiþiz, *waiþō, *waiþijō (“pasture, field, hunting ground”); compare Old High German weidōn, weidanōn (“to hunt, forage for food”) (Modern German Weide (“pasture”)), Old Norse veiða (“to catch, hunt”), Old English wǣþan (“to hunt, chase, pursue”). Related to wide.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiongaynenm
- Derivation mentiongagnnon
- Derivation mention*gagnągem-pro
- Derivation mention*gaganagem-pro
- Derivation mention*ga-gem-pro
- Derivation mention*ḱómine-pro
- Cognate mentiongagnis
- Cognate mentiongagnsv
- Cognate mentiongavnda
- Cognate mention𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽got
- Cognate mentiongegnnon
- Cognate mentiongensv
- Cognate mentioncumla
- Cognate mentiongaynenenm
- Cognate mentiongagnasv
- Cognate mentiongavneda
- Derivation mentiongainfrm
- Derivation mentiongaaingfro
- Derivation mention*waiþizgem-pro
- Cognate mentionweidōngoh
- Cognate mentionWeidede
- Cognate mentionveiðanon
- Cognate mentionwǣþanang
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gayn",
"id": "gain"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gayn"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "gagn",
"4": "",
"5": "benefit, advantage, use"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gagn (“benefit, advantage, use”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gagną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gagną"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gagana",
"4": "",
"5": "back, against, in return"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gagana (“back, against, in return”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-",
"4": "",
"5": "with, together"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga- (“with, together”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"4": "",
"5": "next to, at, with, along"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gagn",
"3": "",
"4": "gain, advantage, use"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gagn (“gain, advantage, use”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gagn",
"3": "",
"4": "benefit, profit"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gagn (“benefit, profit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gavn",
"3": "",
"4": "gain, profit, success"
},
"expansion": "Danish gavn (“gain, profit, success”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to gain, profit"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gageigan, “to gain, profit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gegn",
"3": "",
"4": "ready"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gegn (“ready”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gen",
"3": "",
"4": "useful, noteful"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gen (“useful, noteful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cum",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "Latin cum (“with”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gaynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gaynen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gagna",
"3": "",
"4": "to avail, help"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gagna (“to avail, help”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gavne",
"3": "",
"4": "to benefit"
},
"expansion": "Danish gavne (“to benefit”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gain",
"4": "",
"5": "gain, profit, advancement, cultivation"
},
"expansion": "Middle French gain (“gain, profit, advancement, cultivation”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gaaing"
},
"expansion": "Old French gaaing"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*waiþanōn",
"4": "",
"5": "to pasture, graze, hunt for food"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *waiþanōn (“to pasture, graze, hunt for food”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waiþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waiþiz"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "weidōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German weidōn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Weide",
"3": "",
"4": "pasture"
},
"expansion": "German Weide (“pasture”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "veiða",
"3": "",
"4": "to catch, hunt"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse veiða (“to catch, hunt”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wǣþan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hunt, chase, pursue"
},
"expansion": "Old English wǣþan (“to hunt, chase, pursue”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"gayn",
"gayn#Middle_English:_gain"
],
[
"gain",
"gain#Middle_English"
],
[
"gein",
"gein#Middle_English"
],
[
"gagn",
"gagn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*gagną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gagną"
],
[
"*gaganą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaganą"
],
[
"*gagana",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gagana"
],
[
"*ga-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm"
],
[
"gagn",
"gagn#Icelandic"
],
[
"gagn",
"gagn#Swedish"
],
[
"gavn",
"gavn#Danish"
],
[
"𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽",
"𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
],
[
"gegn",
"gegn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"gen",
"gen#Swedish"
],
[
"cum",
"cum#Latin"
],
[
"gain-",
"gain-#English"
],
[
"again",
"again#English"
],
[
"against",
"against#English"
],
[
"gaynen",
"gaynen#Middle_English"
],
[
"geinen",
"geinen#Middle_English"
],
[
"gagna",
"gagna#Swedish"
],
[
"gavne",
"gavne#Danish"
],
[
"gain",
"gain#Middle_French"
],
[
"gaaing",
"gaaing#Old_French"
],
[
"gaaigne",
"gaaigne#Old_French"
],
[
"gaigne",
"gaigne#Old_French"
],
[
"gaaignier",
"gaaignier#Old_French"
],
[
"gaigner",
"gaigner#Old_French"
],
[
"*waiþanōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/waiþanōn"
],
[
"*waiþiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waiþiz"
],
[
"*waiþō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waiþō"
],
[
"*waiþijō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waiþijō"
],
[
"weidōn",
"weidon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"weidanōn",
"weidanon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"Weide",
"Weide#German"
],
[
"veiða",
"veiða#Old_Norse"
],
[
"wǣþan",
"wæþan#Old_English"
],
[
"wide",
"wide#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The act of gaining; acquisition.",
"The thing or things gained.",
"The factor by which a signal is multiplied."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "0865fec4ed3619f94b683bdac6d03c1be0b0ebf2b656a63d617f8119033ee8f2",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 43923
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To acquire possession of.",
"To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress.",
"To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition.",
"To increase."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"intransitive",
"dated"
],
"recordId": "2f20b4db7b09d52badb21e1729ff3a9f6cad69a4c2ed2fe3cf365ab1cdc3d859",
"rawRecordSha256": "05fab2bda091586c4b53064fb434bfc9cfad3d4a9dab0499dc17c4793047bd97",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 43922
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 5,
"glosses": 0
}
}