*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of goad

From Middle English gode, from Old English gād (“goad”), from Proto-Germanic *gaidō (compare Old Norse gedda (“pike (fish)”), Lombardic gaida (“spear”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (compare Old Irish gath (“spear”),

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To prod with a goad. · To encourage or stimulate. · To incite or provoke.

noun

A long, pointed stick used to prod animals. · That which goads or incites; a stimulus.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English gode, from Old English gād (“goad”), from Proto-Germanic *gaidō (compare Old Norse gedda (“pike (fish)”), Lombardic gaida (“spear”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (compare Old Irish gath (“spear”), Sanskrit हिन्वति (hinvati), हिनोति (hinoti, “to urge on, throw”), हेति (heti, “missile, projectile”)). Doublet of gad and yard; see also xyston.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gode"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gode"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "gād",
        "t": "goad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English gād (“goad”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gaidō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaidō"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gedda",
        "t": "pike (fish)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse gedda (“pike (fish)”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lng",
        "2": "gaida",
        "t": "spear"
      },
      "expansion": "Lombardic gaida (“spear”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰey-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gath",
        "t": "spear"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish gath (“spear”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हिन्वति"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हिन्वति (hinvati)"
    },
    {
      "name": "dbt",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gad",
        "3": "yard",
        "id1": "goad",
        "id2": "unit"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of gad and yard"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "gode",
      "gode#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "gād",
      "gad#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gaidō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaidō"
    ],
    [
      "gedda",
      "gedda#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "gaida",
      "gaida#Old_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "*ǵʰey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-"
    ],
    [
      "gath",
      "gath#Old_Irish"
    ],
    [
      "हिन्वति",
      "हिन्वति#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "हिनोति",
      "हिनोति#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "हेति",
      "हेति#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "gad",
      "gad#English:_goad"
    ],
    [
      "yard",
      "yard#English:_unit"
    ],
    [
      "xyston",
      "xyston#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To prod with a goad.",
        "To encourage or stimulate.",
        "To incite or provoke."
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A long, pointed stick used to prod animals.",
        "That which goads or incites; a stimulus."
      ],
      "tags": [
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      ],
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for goad →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Z29hZA