Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo ride a bike. · To travel by bike. · To transport by bicycle.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ ▲ Proto-Indo-European *trísinflu. Proto-Indo-European *dwís Proto-Italic *dwis Old Latin duis Latin bisder. French bi- Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-redup. Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos Proto-Hellenic *kʷókʷlos Proto-Hellenic *kúklos Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos)der. Late Latin cyclusder. Middle French French cycle French bicyclebor. English bicycleclip. English bike Clipping of bicycle. First attested in 1882. One explanation for the form with /k/ is that bicycle was parsed to bi(cy)c(le). An alternative explanation is that it was parsed to bic(ycle) but since speakers are aware of a general /k/~/s/ alternation (as in electric ~ electricity etc.), the softened /s/ was restored to a default /k/ when the “ending” -ycle was dropped. Similar cases are merc /mɜɹk/, spec /spɛk/ for mercenary, specify. It seems unlikely, however, that this process is purely phonological and not at least partially based on the spelling ⟨c⟩.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":clip",
"3": "bicycle",
"id": "bicycle",
"etydate": "1882",
"tree": "1",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *dwís\nProto-Italic *dwis\nOld Latin duis\nLatin bisder.\nFrench bi-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-redup.\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos\nProto-Hellenic *kʷókʷlos\nProto-Hellenic *kúklos\nAncient Greek κύκλος (kúklos)der.\nLate Latin cyclusder.\nMiddle French\nFrench cycle\nFrench bicyclebor.\nEnglish bicycleclip.\nEnglish bike\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"twice\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thrice\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*trís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*dwis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"duis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"bi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"circle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kʷókʷlos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"redup.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Reduplication of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"turn\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷelh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"reduplication\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷékʷlos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kúklos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κύκλος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cyclus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cycle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"bicycle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bi-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"two\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"two\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"cicle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"grc:κύκλος<t:circle>\", \"text\" : \"+\", \"title\" : \"cyclus\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cyclus\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cicle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cycle\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bicycle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bike\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"bicycle\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bike\" id=\"English:_bicycle\">\nClipping of bicycle. First attested in 1882."
},
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"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":clip",
"3": "bicycle",
"id": "bicycle",
"etydate": "1882",
"tree": "1",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *dwís\nProto-Italic *dwis\nOld Latin duis\nLatin bisder.\nFrench bi-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-redup.\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos\nProto-Hellenic *kʷókʷlos\nProto-Hellenic *kúklos\nAncient Greek κύκλος (kúklos)der.\nLate Latin cyclusder.\nMiddle French\nFrench cycle\nFrench bicyclebor.\nEnglish bicycleclip.\nEnglish bike\nClipping of bicycle. First attested in 1882."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁#Proto-Indo-European:_two"
],
[
"*trís",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trís#Proto-Indo-European:_thrice"
],
[
"*dwís",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwís#Proto-Indo-European:_twice"
],
[
"*dwis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/dwis"
],
[
"duis",
"duis#Latin"
],
[
"bis",
"bis#Latin"
],
[
"bi-",
"bi-#French"
],
[
"*kʷelh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷelh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_turn"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*kʷékʷlos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷékʷlos"
],
[
"*kúklos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/kúklos"
],
[
"κύκλος",
"κύκλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"cyclus",
"cyclus#Latin"
],
[
"cycle",
"cycle#French"
],
[
"bicycle",
"bicycle#French"
],
[
"bicycle",
"bicycle#English"
],
[
"bicycle",
"bicycle#English"
],
[
"electric",
"electric#English"
],
[
"electricity",
"electricity#English"
],
[
"merc",
"merc#English"
],
[
"spec",
"spec#English"
],
[
"mercenary",
"mercenary#English"
],
[
"specify",
"specify#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "biker",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To ride a bike.",
"To travel by bike.",
"To transport by bicycle."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
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