Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventorySomething monstrous or portentous; a shocking sight; sorry spectacle; disgraceful thing. · Something serving as a warning or an example to be avoided.
From Middle English bysen, partly from Old English bȳsen (“example, pattern, model, similitude, parable, parallel, rule, command, precept”), and partly from Old Norse býsn (“a wonder, a portentous thing”), both from Proto-Germanic *būsniz (“command, precept”), from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to ask, beg”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, perceive fully”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionbysenenm
- Inherited-form mentionbȳsenang · example, pattern, model, similitude, parable, parallel, rule, command, precept
- Derivation mentionbýsnnon · a wonder, a portentous thing
- Inherited-form mention*būsnizgem-pro · command, precept
- Derivation mention*beudanągem-pro · to ask, beg
- Derivation mention*bʰewdʰ-ine-pro · to be awake, perceive fully
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
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"2": "enm",
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"expansion": "Middle English bysen"
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{
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"3": "bȳsen",
"t": "example, pattern, model, similitude, parable, parallel, rule, command, precept"
},
"expansion": "Old English bȳsen (“example, pattern, model, similitude, parable, parallel, rule, command, precept”)"
},
{
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"3": "býsn",
"t": "a wonder, a portentous thing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse býsn (“a wonder, a portentous thing”)"
},
{
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būsniz (“command, precept”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"t": "to ask, beg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to ask, beg”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰewdʰ-",
"t": "to be awake, perceive fully"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, perceive fully”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"bysen",
"bysen#Middle_English"
],
[
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],
[
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"býsn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*būsniz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/būsniz"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beudaną"
],
[
"*bʰewdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewdʰ-"
]
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"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Something monstrous or portentous; a shocking sight; sorry spectacle; disgraceful thing.",
"Something serving as a warning or an example to be avoided."
],
"tags": [
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"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal",
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