Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo shiver; to tremble, shake, quiver.
From Middle English biveren, beveren (“to tremble”), frequentative form of Old English beofian, bifian (“to tremble, be moved, shake, quake”), from Proto-West Germanic *bibēn, from Proto-Germanic *bibāną (“to quake, shiver”). Cognate with West Frisian bibberje (“to shiver”), Dutch bibberen (“to shiver, quiver”), Low German beveren (“to shiver”), German Low German bevern (“to tremble”), German bibbern (“to shiver”). Related also to Dutch beven (“to quake”), German beben (“to quake, tremble”), Swedish bäva (“to quake, tremble”), Icelandic bifa (“to budge, be moved”), Latin foedus (“disgusting, shocking, abominable, heinous”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionbiverenenm
- Derivation mentionbeofianang
- Derivation mention*bibēngmw-pro
- Derivation mention*bibānągem-pro
- Cognate mentionbibberjefy · to shiver
- Cognate mentionbibberennl
- Cognate mentionbeverennds
- Cognate mentionbibbernde · to shiver
- Cognate mentionbevennl
- Cognate mentionbebende
- Cognate mentionbävasv
- Cognate mentionbifais
- Cognate mentionfoedusla
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "biveren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English biveren"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beofian"
},
"expansion": "Old English beofian"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bibēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bibēn"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bibāną",
"4": "",
"5": "to quake, shiver"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bibāną (“to quake, shiver”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bibberje",
"t": "to shiver"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bibberje (“to shiver”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bibberen",
"3": "",
"4": "to shiver, quiver"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bibberen (“to shiver, quiver”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "beveren",
"3": "",
"4": "to shiver"
},
"expansion": "Low German beveren (“to shiver”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bevern",
"t": "to tremble"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bevern (“to tremble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bibbern",
"t": "to shiver"
},
"expansion": "German bibbern (“to shiver”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "beven",
"3": "",
"4": "to quake"
},
"expansion": "Dutch beven (“to quake”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "beben",
"3": "",
"4": "to quake, tremble"
},
"expansion": "German beben (“to quake, tremble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bäva",
"3": "",
"4": "to quake, tremble"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bäva (“to quake, tremble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bifa",
"3": "",
"4": "to budge, be moved"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic bifa (“to budge, be moved”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "foedus",
"3": "",
"4": "disgusting, shocking, abominable, heinous"
},
"expansion": "Latin foedus (“disgusting, shocking, abominable, heinous”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"biveren",
"biveren#Middle_English"
],
[
"beveren",
"beveren#Middle_English"
],
[
"beofian",
"beofian#Old_English"
],
[
"bifian",
"bifian#Old_English"
],
[
"*bibēn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bibēn"
],
[
"*bibāną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bibāną"
],
[
"bibberje",
"bibberje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"bibberen",
"bibberen#Dutch"
],
[
"beveren",
"beveren#Low_German"
],
[
"bevern",
"bevern#Low_German"
],
[
"bibbern",
"bibbern#German"
],
[
"beven",
"beven#Dutch"
],
[
"beben",
"beben#German"
],
[
"bäva",
"bäva#Swedish"
],
[
"bifa",
"bifa#Icelandic"
],
[
"foedus",
"foedus#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To shiver; to tremble, shake, quiver."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"recordId": "6703fac7eaf7e5f23aa0d3517fc3007d296b6e74a3ebfc2a10af548469f12d9d",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 10263096
}
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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