*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of bitch

From Middle English biche, bicche, from Old English biċċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā, from Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (“female dog”) (compare Norwegian bikkje (“dog, bitch”), Old Danish bikke (“bitch”)), from Proto-Ger

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2

Original entry ↗
noun

A female dog or other canine, particularly a recent mother. · A promiscuous woman, slut, whore. · A despicable or disagreeable, aggressive person, usually a woman. · A woman in general.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English biche, bicche, from Old English biċċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā, from Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (“female dog”) (compare Norwegian bikkje (“dog, bitch”), Old Danish bikke (“bitch”)), from Proto-Germanic *bikjaną (“to thrust, attack”) (compare Old Norse bikkja (“to plunge into water”), Dutch bikken (“to hack”)). Related to bicker.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionbicheenm
  • Inherited-form mentionbiċċeang
  • Inherited-form mention*bikkjāgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*bikjǭgem-pro · female dog
  • Cognate mentionbikkjeno · dog, bitch
  • Cognate mentionbikkegmq-oda · bitch
  • Derivation mention*bikjanągem-pro · to thrust, attack
  • Cognate mentionbikkjanon · to plunge into water
  • Cognate mentionbikkennl · to hack

This page abbreviates 13 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:bicche"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"break\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeg-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bikjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bikjǭ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bikkjā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"biċċe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bicche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bitch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bitch\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "biche"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English biche"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "biċċe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English biċċe"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bikkjā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bikjǭ",
        "t": "female dog"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (“female dog”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "bikkje",
        "t": "dog, bitch"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian bikkje (“dog, bitch”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-oda",
        "2": "bikke",
        "t": "bitch"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Danish bikke (“bitch”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bikjaną",
        "t": "to thrust, attack"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bikjaną (“to thrust, attack”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "bikkja",
        "t": "to plunge into water"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bikkja (“to plunge into water”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bikken",
        "t": "to hack"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bikken (“to hack”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:bicche"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "biche",
      "biche#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "bicche",
      "bicche#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "biċċe",
      "bicce#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*bikkjā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bikkjā"
    ],
    [
      "*bikjǭ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjǭ"
    ],
    [
      "bikkje",
      "bikkje#Norwegian"
    ],
    [
      "bikke",
      "bikke#Old_Danish"
    ],
    [
      "*bikjaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjaną"
    ],
    [
      "bikkja",
      "bikkja#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "bikken",
      "bikken#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "bicker",
      "bicker#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "word": "b7",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "bitch",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "Bitch",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "Betze",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed",
        "borrowed",
        "uncertain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "Bätze",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed",
        "borrowed",
        "uncertain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "Petze",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed",
        "borrowed",
        "uncertain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "bitch",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "word": "ビッチ",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A female dog or other canine, particularly a recent mother.",
        "A promiscuous woman, slut, whore.",
        "A despicable or disagreeable, aggressive person, usually a woman.",
        "A woman in general."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "archaic",
        "offensive",
        "vulgar",
        "slang"
      ],
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      "rawRecordSha256": "b9e4d3f4e313eec188abc75dfa9db3df171e5c3a2d5f31cd7cacd754105885cf",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 149885
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 13,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 2/2

Original entry ↗
verb

To behave or act as a bitch; especially, to complain excessively. · To complain or criticize spitefully, often for the sake of complaining rather than in order to have the problem corrected. · To spoil, to ruin.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English biche, bicche, from Old English biċċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā, from Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (“female dog”) (compare Norwegian bikkje (“dog, bitch”), Old Danish bikke (“bitch”)), from Proto-Germanic *bikjaną (“to thrust, attack”) (compare Old Norse bikkja (“to plunge into water”), Dutch bikken (“to hack”)). Related to bicker.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionbicheenm
  • Inherited-form mentionbiċċeang
  • Inherited-form mention*bikkjāgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*bikjǭgem-pro · female dog
  • Cognate mentionbikkjeno · dog, bitch
  • Cognate mentionbikkegmq-oda · bitch
  • Derivation mention*bikjanągem-pro · to thrust, attack
  • Cognate mentionbikkjanon · to plunge into water
  • Cognate mentionbikkennl · to hack
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:bicche"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"break\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeg-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bikjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bikjǭ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bikkjā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"biċċe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bicche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bitch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bitch\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "biche"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English biche"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "biċċe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English biċċe"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bikkjā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bikjǭ",
        "t": "female dog"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (“female dog”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "bikkje",
        "t": "dog, bitch"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian bikkje (“dog, bitch”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-oda",
        "2": "bikke",
        "t": "bitch"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Danish bikke (“bitch”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bikjaną",
        "t": "to thrust, attack"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bikjaną (“to thrust, attack”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "bikkja",
        "t": "to plunge into water"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bikkja (“to plunge into water”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bikken",
        "t": "to hack"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bikken (“to hack”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:bicche"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "biche",
      "biche#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "bicche",
      "bicche#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "biċċe",
      "bicce#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*bikkjā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bikkjā"
    ],
    [
      "*bikjǭ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjǭ"
    ],
    [
      "bikkje",
      "bikkje#Norwegian"
    ],
    [
      "bikke",
      "bikke#Old_Danish"
    ],
    [
      "*bikjaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjaną"
    ],
    [
      "bikkja",
      "bikkja#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "bikken",
      "bikken#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "bicker",
      "bicker#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To behave or act as a bitch; especially, to complain excessively.",
        "To complain or criticize spitefully, often for the sake of complaining rather than in order to have the problem corrected.",
        "To spoil, to ruin."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "vulgar",
        "transitive"
      ],
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for bitch →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Yml0Y2g