Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To assail or attack (someone) from all sides; to set about. · To occupy and block (an entrance, a passage, etc.), especially to prevent people from passing. · To decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. · Followed by with: to encircle or surround (someone or something); to hem in.
From Middle English besetten, bisetten (“to besiege, blockade; to fill, occupy; to harass, beset; to allot, bestow; to arrange, manage; to place, set; to provide for; to treat in a certain way”), from Old English besettan, bisettan (“to surround, beset; to set near; etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *bisattjan, from Proto-Germanic *bisatjaną (“to fill, occupy”), from *bi- (prefix meaning ‘at; by’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at; near; on”)) + *satjaną (“to place down, set”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)). By surface analysis, be- (prefix meaning ‘around; by, close to, near, next to’) + set. cognates * Danish besætte (“to occupy; obsess”) * Dutch bezetten (“to sit in; occupy; fill”) * German besetzen (“to seize; occupy; garrison”) * German Low German besetten (“to occupy”) * Saterland Frisian besätte (“to occupy”) * Swedish besätta (“to fill; occupy; beset”) * West Frisian besette (“to occupy”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*sed-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionbesettenenm
- Inherited-form mentionbesettanang
- Inherited-form mention*bisattjangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*bisatjanągem-pro · to fill, occupy
- Inherited-form mention*h₁epiine-pro · at; near; on
- Inherited-form mention*sed-ine-pro · to sit
- Cognate mentionbesætteda · to occupy; obsess
- Cognate mentionbezettennl · to sit in; occupy; fill
- Cognate mentionbesetzende · to seize; occupy; garrison
- Cognate mentionbesättestq · to occupy
- Cognate mentionbesättasv · to fill; occupy; beset
- Cognate mentionbesettefy · to occupy
This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "langname",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"name": "word",
"args": {
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"2": "ine",
"3": "h₁epi"
},
"expansion": ""
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{
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{
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"1": "en",
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"3": "besetten"
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"expansion": "Middle English besetten"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"3": "besettan"
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"expansion": "Old English besettan"
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{
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"3": "*bisattjan"
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bisattjan"
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{
"name": "inh",
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"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bisatjaną",
"t": "to fill, occupy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bisatjaną (“to fill, occupy”)"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix"
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{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi",
"t": "at; near; on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at; near; on”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sed-",
"t": "to sit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)"
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be-",
"3": "set",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘around; by, close to, near, next to’"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, be- (prefix meaning ‘around; by, close to, near, next to’) + set"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates"
},
"expansion": "cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "besætte",
"t": "to occupy; obsess"
},
"expansion": "Danish besætte (“to occupy; obsess”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bezetten",
"t": "to sit in; occupy; fill"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bezetten (“to sit in; occupy; fill”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "besetzen",
"t": "to seize; occupy; garrison"
},
"expansion": "German besetzen (“to seize; occupy; garrison”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "besetten",
"t": "to occupy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German besetten (“to occupy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "besätte",
"t": "to occupy"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian besätte (“to occupy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "besätta",
"t": "to fill; occupy; beset"
},
"expansion": "Swedish besätta (“to fill; occupy; beset”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "besette",
"t": "to occupy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian besette (“to occupy”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"besetten",
"besetten#Middle_English"
],
[
"bisetten",
"bisetten#Middle_English"
],
[
"besettan",
"besettan#Old_English"
],
[
"bisettan",
"bisettan#Old_English"
],
[
"*bisattjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bisattjan"
],
[
"*bisatjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bisatjaną"
],
[
"*bi-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bi-"
],
[
"*h₁epi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁epi"
],
[
"*satjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/satjaną"
],
[
"*sed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sed-"
],
[
"be-",
"be-#English"
],
[
"set",
"set#English"
],
[
"besætte",
"besætte#Danish"
],
[
"bezetten",
"bezetten#Dutch"
],
[
"besetzen",
"besetzen#German"
],
[
"besetten",
"besetten#Low_German"
],
[
"besätte",
"besätte#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"besätta",
"besätta#Swedish"
],
[
"besette",
"besette#West_Frisian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To assail or attack (someone) from all sides; to set about.",
"To occupy and block (an entrance, a passage, etc.), especially to prevent people from passing.",
"To decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc.",
"Followed by with: to encircle or surround (someone or something); to hem in."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"archaic"
],
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"lexicalSenses": 10,
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}