Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA hill.
From Middle English bergh, from Old English beorg (“mountain, hill, mound, barrow, burial place”), from Proto-West Germanic *berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz (“hill, mountain”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, ascend; to be elevated, up high”). Doublet of berg and barrow; see there for more. Cognates Cognate with Scots burrow (“mound, tumulus, barrow”), North Frisian Bārig, beerch, beeri, beerj, berag, berig, berri, bärj (“mountain”), Saterland Frisian Bierich, Bíerig, Bäirch (“mountain”), West Frisian berch (“mountain”), Cimbrian pèrge (“mountain”), Dutch berg (“mountain”), German Berg (“mountain”), German Low German Barg (“mountain”), Limburgish berg, Bärrech (“hill, mountain”), Luxembourgish Bierg (“mountain”), Mòcheno pèrg (“mountain”), Yiddish באַרג (barg, “mountain”), Danish bjerg (“mountain”), Elfdalian bjärr (“hill, mountain”), Faroese berg, bjarg (“cliff”), bjørg (“cliffs”), Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish berg (“mountain”); also Northern Luri برگ (berg, “mountain”), Polish brzeg (“bank, shore”), Russian бе́рег (béreg, “bank, shore”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*bʰerǵʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionberghenm
- Inherited-form mentionbeorgang · mountain, hill, mound, barrow, burial place
- Inherited-form mention*berggmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*bergazgem-pro · hill, mountain
- Inherited-form mention*bʰérǵʰosine-pro · hill
- Inherited-form mention*bʰerǵʰ-ine-pro · to rise up, ascend; to be elevated, up high
- Doublet mentionbergen
- Doublet mentionbarrowen
- Cognate mentionburrowsco · mound, tumulus, barrow
- Cognate mentionBārigfrr
- Cognate mentionBierichstq
- Cognate mentionberchfy · mountain
- Cognate mentionpèrgecim · mountain
- Cognate mentionbergnl · mountain
- Cognate mentionBergde · mountain
- Cognate mentionbergli
- Cognate mentionBierglb · mountain
- Cognate mentionpèrgmhn · mountain
- Cognate mentionבאַרגyi · mountain
- Cognate mentionbjergda · mountain
- Cognate mentionbjärrovd · hill, mountain
- Cognate mentionbergfo
- Cognate mentionبرگlrc · mountain
- Cognate mentionbrzegpl · bank, shore
- Cognate mentionбе́регru · bank, shore
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bergh"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bergh"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorg",
"t": "mountain, hill, mound, barrow, burial place"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorg (“mountain, hill, mound, barrow, burial place”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berg"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bergaz",
"t": "hill, mountain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bergaz (“hill, mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰérǵʰos",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to rise up, ascend; to be elevated, up high"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, ascend; to be elevated, up high”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "berg",
"3": "barrow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of berg and barrow"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "burrow",
"t": "mound, tumulus, barrow"
},
"expansion": "Scots burrow (“mound, tumulus, barrow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Bārig"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian Bārig"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Bierich"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Bierich"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "berch",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian berch (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pèrge",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian pèrge (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berg (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Berg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "German Berg (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Barg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Barg (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "berg"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish berg"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Bierg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Bierg (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "pèrg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno pèrg (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "באַרג",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish באַרג (barg, “mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bjerg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Danish bjerg (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "bjärr",
"t": "hill, mountain"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian bjärr (“hill, mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "berg"
},
"expansion": "Faroese berg"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "berg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish berg (“mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lrc",
"2": "برگ",
"tr": "berg",
"t": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Northern Luri برگ (berg, “mountain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "brzeg",
"t": "bank, shore"
},
"expansion": "Polish brzeg (“bank, shore”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бе́рег",
"t": "bank, shore"
},
"expansion": "Russian бе́рег (béreg, “bank, shore”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"bergh",
"bergh#Middle_English"
],
[
"beorg",
"beorg#Old_English"
],
[
"*berg",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/berg"
],
[
"*bergaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bergaz"
],
[
"*bʰérǵʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰérǵʰos"
],
[
"*bʰerǵʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerǵʰ-"
],
[
"berg",
"berg#English"
],
[
"barrow",
"barrow#English"
],
[
"burrow",
"burrow#Scots"
],
[
"Bārig",
"Bārig#North_Frisian"
],
[
"beerch",
"beerch#North_Frisian"
],
[
"beeri",
"beeri#North_Frisian"
],
[
"beerj",
"beerj#North_Frisian"
],
[
"berag",
"berag#North_Frisian"
],
[
"berig",
"berig#North_Frisian"
],
[
"berri",
"berri#North_Frisian"
],
[
"bärj",
"bärj#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Bierich",
"Bierich#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Bíerig",
"Bíerig#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Bäirch",
"Bäirch#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"berch",
"berch#West_Frisian"
],
[
"pèrge",
"pèrge#Cimbrian"
],
[
"berg",
"berg#Dutch"
],
[
"Berg",
"Berg#German"
],
[
"Barg",
"Barg#Low_German"
],
[
"berg",
"berg#Limburgish"
],
[
"Bärrech",
"Bärrech#Limburgish"
],
[
"Bierg",
"Bierg#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"pèrg",
"pèrg#Mòcheno"
],
[
"באַרג",
"באַרג#Yiddish"
],
[
"bjerg",
"bjerg#Danish"
],
[
"bjärr",
"bjärr#Elfdalian"
],
[
"berg",
"berg#Faroese"
],
[
"bjarg",
"bjarg#Faroese"
],
[
"bjørg",
"bjørg#Faroese"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"berg#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"berg#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"berg#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"berg",
"berg#Swedish"
],
[
"برگ",
"برگ#Northern_Luri"
],
[
"brzeg",
"brzeg#Polish"
],
[
"бе́рег",
"берег#Russian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A hill."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
],
"recordId": "c601572227648cfd5f3da72ce3e00b1483cb5ce13416c7cf5657193c106a5f01",
"rawRecordSha256": "172fc8a8d29e6419211fcf21e12dd46ee6557171fb788db922932ab0af9156f9",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 3663469
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}