*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of befog

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épider. Proto-Indo-European *h₁pi Proto-Germanic *bider. Proto-Germanic *bi- Proto-West Germanic *bi- Old English be- Mi

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To envelop in fog or smoke. · To confuse, mystify (a person); to make less acute or perceptive, to cloud (a person’s faculties). · To obscure, make less clear (a subject, issue, etc.).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épider. Proto-Indo-European *h₁pi Proto-Germanic *bider. Proto-Germanic *bi- Proto-West Germanic *bi- Old English be- Middle English bi- English be- English fog English befog From be- + fog.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "1": "en",
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        "3": "be-",
        "4": "fog",
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ep-"
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      "*h₁épi",
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    ],
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      "*h₁pi",
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    ],
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      "*bi",
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    ],
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      "*bi-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bi-"
    ],
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      "*bi-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bi-"
    ],
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      "be-",
      "be-#Old_English"
    ],
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      "bi-",
      "bi-#Middle_English"
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    ],
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      "fog",
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    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To envelop in fog or smoke.",
        "To confuse, mystify (a person); to make less acute or perceptive, to cloud (a person’s faculties).",
        "To obscure, make less clear (a subject, issue, etc.)."
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for befog →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YmVmb2c