Etymology of beard

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

noun

Facial hair on the chin, cheeks, jaw and neck. · The cluster of small feathers at the base of the beak in some birds. · The appendages to the jaw in some cetaceans, and to the mouth or jaws of some fishes. · The byssus of certain shellfish.

verb

To grow hair on the chin and jaw. · To boldly and bravely oppose or confront, often to the chagrin of the one being bearded. · To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of (a man), in anger or contempt. · To deprive (an oyster or similar shellfish) of the gills.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-? Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂der. Proto-Germanic *bardaz Proto-West Germanic *bard Old English beard Middle English berd English beard PIE word *bʰardʰéh₂ From Middle English berd, bard, bærd, from Old English beard, from Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂, *bʰh₂erdʰeh₂. Cognates Cognate with Scots beird (“beard”), Yola bearde (“beard”), North Frisian biard (“beard”), Saterland Frisian Boart (“beard”), West Frisian burd (“beard”), Bavarian Bårt (“beard”), Dutch baard (“beard”), German Bart (“beard”), German Low German and Luxembourgish Baart (“beard”), Vilamovian biöt (“beard”), Yiddish באָרד (bord, “beard”), Icelandic barð (“brim; edge, ridge”), Norwegian Bokmål bart (“moustache”), Norwegian Nynorsk bard, barde (“edge, rim”), bart (“moustache”), Crimean Gothic bars (“beard”); also Latin barba (“beard”), Latvian bārda (“beard”), Lithuanian barzda (“beard”), Belarusian барада́ (baradá, “beard”), Bulgarian and Macedonian брада́ (bradá, “beard; chin”), Czech, Slovak, and Slovene brada (“beard”), Russian and Ukrainian борода́ (borodá, “beard”), Serbo-Croatian бра́да, bráda (“beard”). Doublet of barb.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionberdenm
Inherited-form mentionbeardang
Inherited-form mention*bardgmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*bardazgem-pro
Inherited-form mention*bʰardʰeh₂ine-pro
Cognate mentionbeirdsco · beard
Cognate mentionbeardeyol · beard
Cognate mentionbiardfrr · beard
Cognate mentionBoartstq · beard
Cognate mentionburdfy · beard
Cognate mentionBårtbar · beard
Cognate mentionbaardnl · beard
Cognate mentionBartde · beard
Cognate mentionbiötwym · beard
Cognate mentionבאָרדyi · beard
Cognate mentionbarðis · brim; edge, ridge
Cognate mentionbartnb · moustache
Cognate mentionbardnn
Cognate mentionbarsgme-cgo · beard
Cognate mentionbarbala · beard
Cognate mentionbārdalv · beard
Cognate mentionbarzdalt · beard
Cognate mentionбарада́be · beard
Cognate mentionбра́даsh
Doublet mentionbarben

This page abbreviates 13 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:berd",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰers-?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂der.\nProto-Germanic *bardaz\nProto-West Germanic *bard\nOld English beard\nMiddle English berd\nEnglish beard\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beard\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"top\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰers-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰardʰéh₂\", \"gloss\" : \"beard\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bardaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bard\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"beard\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"berd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"beard\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"beard\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "dercat",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "langname",
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
    },
    {
      "name": "word",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine",
        "3": "bʰardʰéh₂",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "PIE word",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bʰardʰéh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰardʰéh₂"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "berd"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English berd"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English beard"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bard"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bardaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bardaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰardʰeh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "beird",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots beird (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "bearde",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola bearde (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "biard",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian biard (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "Boart",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Boart (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "burd",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian burd (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "bar",
        "2": "Bårt",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Bavarian Bårt (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "baard",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch baard (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Bart",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "German Bart (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de,lb",
        "2": "Baart",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German and Luxembourgish Baart (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "wym",
        "2": "biöt",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Vilamovian biöt (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "באָרד",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish באָרד (bord, “beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "barð",
        "t": "brim; edge, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic barð (“brim; edge, ridge”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "bart",
        "t": "moustache"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bart (“moustache”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "bard"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk bard"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gme-cgo",
        "2": "bars",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Crimean Gothic bars (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "barba",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin barba (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bārda",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian bārda (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "barzda",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian barzda (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "барада́",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian барада́ (baradá, “beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "bg,mk",
        "2": "брада́",
        "t": "beard; chin"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian and Macedonian брада́ (bradá, “beard; chin”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cs,sk,sl",
        "2": "brada",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech, Slovak, and Slovene brada (“beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru,uk",
        "2": "борода́",
        "t": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian and Ukrainian борода́ (borodá, “beard”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "бра́да"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian бра́да"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "barb"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of barb"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:berd",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰers-?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂der.\nProto-Germanic *bardaz\nProto-West Germanic *bard\nOld English beard\nMiddle English berd\nEnglish beard"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*bʰers-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰers-#Proto-Indo-European:_top"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰardʰéh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_beard"
    ],
    [
      "*bardaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardaz#Proto-Germanic:_beard"
    ],
    [
      "*bard",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bard"
    ],
    [
      "beard",
      "beard#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "berd",
      "berd#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰardʰéh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂"
    ],
    [
      "berd",
      "berd#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "bard",
      "bard#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "bærd",
      "bærd#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "beard",
      "beard#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*bard",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bard"
    ],
    [
      "*bardaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardaz"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰardʰeh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰeh₂"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰh₂erdʰeh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰh₂erdʰeh₂"
    ],
    [
      "beird",
      "beird#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "bearde",
      "bearde#Yola"
    ],
    [
      "biard",
      "biard#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "Boart",
      "Boart#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "burd",
      "burd#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "Bårt",
      "Bårt#Bavarian"
    ],
    [
      "baard",
      "baard#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Bart",
      "Bart#German"
    ],
    [
      "German Low German",
      "Baart#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Baart",
      "Baart#Luxembourgish"
    ],
    [
      "biöt",
      "biöt#Vilamovian"
    ],
    [
      "באָרד",
      "באָרד#Yiddish"
    ],
    [
      "barð",
      "barð#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "bart",
      "bart#Norwegian_Bokmål"
    ],
    [
      "bard",
      "bard#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "barde",
      "barde#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "bart",
      "bart#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "bars",
      "bars#Crimean_Gothic"
    ],
    [
      "barba",
      "barba#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "bārda",
      "bārda#Latvian"
    ],
    [
      "barzda",
      "barzda#Lithuanian"
    ],
    [
      "барада́",
      "барада#Belarusian"
    ],
    [
      "Bulgarian",
      "брада#Bulgarian"
    ],
    [
      "брада́",
      "брада#Macedonian"
    ],
    [
      "Czech",
      "brada#Czech"
    ],
    [
      "Slovak",
      "brada#Slovak"
    ],
    [
      "brada",
      "brada#Slovene"
    ],
    [
      "Russian",
      "борода#Russian"
    ],
    [
      "борода́",
      "борода#Ukrainian"
    ],
    [
      "бра́да",
      "брада#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "bráda",
      "brada#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "barb",
      "barb#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Facial hair on the chin, cheeks, jaw and neck.",
        "The cluster of small feathers at the base of the beak in some birds.",
        "The appendages to the jaw in some cetaceans, and to the mouth or jaws of some fishes.",
        "The byssus of certain shellfish."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 43480
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To grow hair on the chin and jaw.",
        "To boldly and bravely oppose or confront, often to the chagrin of the one being bearded.",
        "To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of (a man), in anger or contempt.",
        "To deprive (an oyster or similar shellfish) of the gills."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "c073288326c80b34db9ab81a413f31f970e3d3acb8bc55f6bf7e912a1bcbc570",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 43481
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}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot