English word origin

Etymology of based

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis Proto-Hellenic *gʷə́tis Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs)bor. Latin basis Old French basebor. Middle English base English base P

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

verb

Being derived from (usually followed by on or upon). · Having a base. · Having a base of operations.

adj

Founded on; having a basis; often used in combining forms.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "base<id:basis>",
        "4": "-ed<id:verb-past-tense>",
        "id": "founded",
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        "tree": "1"
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷem-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *gʷémtis\nProto-Hellenic *gʷə́tis\nAncient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs)bor.\nLatin basis\nOld French basebor.\nMiddle English base\nEnglish base\nProto-Germanic *-ōd-\nOld English -ode\nMiddle English -ede\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish based\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"stepping; step; foot; base; pedestal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʷem-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", 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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-"
    ],
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷémtis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷémtis"
    ],
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/gʷə́tis"
    ],
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    ],
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    ],
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      "base#Old_French"
    ],
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      "base#Middle_English"
    ],
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    ],
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    ],
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      "-ode#Old_English"
    ],
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    ],
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    ],
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    ],
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      "-ed#English:_verb-past-tense"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "glosses": [
        "Being derived from (usually followed by on or upon).",
        "Having a base.",
        "Having a base of operations."
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

adj

Not caring what others think about one's personality, style, or behavior; focused on maintaining individuality. · Admirable; praiseworthy, especially if simultaneously unpopular or controversial. · Admirable for rejecting political correctness or socially progressive values.

intj

Indicating emphatic approval of a statement or opinion, often a controversial or unpopular one. · Expressing a positive emotional reaction.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *preyH- Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *priHós Proto-Germanic *frijwaz Proto-West Germanic *friu Old English frēo Middle English fre English free Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis Proto-Hellenic *gʷə́tis Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs)bor. Latin basis Old French basebor. Middle English base English base English (free)base substratebor.? Proto-Indo-European *kap-? Proto-Indo-European *kap- Proto-Indo-European *káput Proto-Germanic *haubudą Old English hēafod Middle English heed English headder. English -head English baseheadclip. English base? Proto-Indo-European *-tósder. Old English -ed Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz Old English -od Middle English -ed English -ed ▲ English basedinflu. English based A reference to freebase cocaine, via basehead. Coined by American rapper from California Lil B in 2010 to describe his lifestyle.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "<alt:base><ety:clip<basehead>><unc:1>",
        "4": "-ed<id:adjective>",
        "5": ":influence",
        "6": "based<id:founded>",
        "id": "slang",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *preyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *priHós\nProto-Germanic *frijwaz\nProto-West Germanic *friu\nOld English frēo\nMiddle English fre\nEnglish free\nProto-Indo-European *gʷem-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *gʷémtis\nProto-Hellenic *gʷə́tis\nAncient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs)bor.\nLatin basis\nOld French basebor.\nMiddle English base\nEnglish base\nEnglish (free)base\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *káput\nProto-Germanic *haubudą\nOld English hēafod\nMiddle English heed\nEnglish headder.\nEnglish -head\nEnglish baseheadclip.\nEnglish base?\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nOld English -ed\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Germanic *-ōdaz\nOld English -od\nMiddle English -ed\nEnglish -ed\n▲\nEnglish basedinflu.\nEnglish 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} ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"base\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"freebase\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"seize\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*káput\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haubudą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hēafod\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"heed\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"head\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-head\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"basehead\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"past participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"past-participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ed\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōdaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-od\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ed\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ed\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"founded\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"based\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"based\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"slang\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"based\" id=\"English:_slang\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "coinage",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Q5951242",
        "in": "2010"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by American rapper from California Lil B in 2010"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "<alt:base><ety:clip<basehead>><unc:1>",
        "4": "-ed<id:adjective>",
        "5": ":influence",
        "6": "based<id:founded>",
        "id": "slang",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *preyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *priHós\nProto-Germanic *frijwaz\nProto-West Germanic *friu\nOld English frēo\nMiddle English fre\nEnglish free\nProto-Indo-European *gʷem-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *gʷémtis\nProto-Hellenic *gʷə́tis\nAncient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs)bor.\nLatin basis\nOld French basebor.\nMiddle English base\nEnglish base\nEnglish (free)base\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *káput\nProto-Germanic *haubudą\nOld English hēafod\nMiddle English heed\nEnglish headder.\nEnglish -head\nEnglish baseheadclip.\nEnglish base?\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nOld English -ed\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Germanic *-ōdaz\nOld English -od\nMiddle English -ed\nEnglish -ed\n▲\nEnglish basedinflu.\nEnglish based"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*preyH-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preyH-"
    ],
    [
      "*-ós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós#Proto-Indo-European:_e-grade"
    ],
    [
      "*priHós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/priHós"
    ],
    [
      "*frijwaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijaz"
    ],
    [
      "*friu",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/friu"
    ],
    [
      "frēo",
      "freo#Old_English:_free"
    ],
    [
      "fre",
      "fre#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "free",
      "free#English"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷem-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-"
    ],
    [
      "*-tis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷémtis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷémtis"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷə́tis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/gʷə́tis"
    ],
    [
      "βᾰ́σῐς",
      "βάσις#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "basis",
      "basis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "base",
      "base#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "base",
      "base#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "base",
      "base#English:_basis"
    ],
    [
      "(free)base",
      "freebase#English"
    ],
    [
      "*kap-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-#Proto-Indo-European:_seize"
    ],
    [
      "*kap-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-#Proto-Indo-European:_head"
    ],
    [
      "*káput",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/káput#Proto-Indo-European:_head"
    ],
    [
      "*haubudą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haubudą#Proto-Germanic:_head"
    ],
    [
      "hēafod",
      "heafod#Old_English:_head"
    ],
    [
      "heed",
      "heed#Middle_English:_head"
    ],
    [
      "head",
      "head#English"
    ],
    [
      "-head",
      "-head#English:_head"
    ],
    [
      "basehead",
      "basehead#English"
    ],
    [
      "*-tós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "-ed",
      "-ed#Old_English:_past-participle"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-tós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂tos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂tos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
    ],
    [
      "*-ōdaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōdaz#Proto-Germanic:_adjectival"
    ],
    [
      "-od",
      "-od#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ed",
      "-ed#Middle_English:_past_participle"
    ],
    [
      "-ed",
      "-ed#English:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "based",
      "based#English:_founded"
    ],
    [
      "freebase",
      "freebase#English"
    ],
    [
      "basehead",
      "basehead#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Not caring what others think about one's personality, style, or behavior; focused on maintaining individuality.",
        "Admirable; praiseworthy, especially if simultaneously unpopular or controversial.",
        "Admirable for rejecting political correctness or socially progressive values."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang",
        "Internet",
        "humorous",
        "sometimes"
      ],
      "recordId": "e37b88c48a69bd3c52a40755e7ccecac43c0f922205402aa28b741c8d6a13d92",
      "rawRecordSha256": "a51532907a4c447fe90e5cf497aa1ec3e97399ed5f1f8eeb0165e52aeff680e1",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 257251
    },
    {
      "pos": "intj",
      "glosses": [
        "Indicating emphatic approval of a statement or opinion, often a controversial or unpopular one.",
        "Expressing a positive emotional reaction."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Internet",
        "humorous",
        "sometimes"
      ],
      "recordId": "f9e90ef5878db0739d8c716482cc41ac35a6dde0c6dbe10b28f42d498e2e5915",
      "rawRecordSha256": "89a2c6417e9cde6405963a3c70c78b0cf75fd108b5ae185f6a0cd6ce6e54ed59",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 257252
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for based →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-YmFzZWQ