Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To physically injure (someone or something); to harm, to hurt. · To cause (someone) misery or ruin; to socially or spiritually injure (someone). · To cause (sheep) a disease, especially the rot (“a disease in which breakdown of tissue occurs”). · To kill (a person or animal), especially by poison.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA cause of misery or ruin. · Chiefly in the names of poisonous plants or substances: a poison. · Misery, woe; also, doom, ruin; or physical injury, harm. · A disease of sheep in which breakdown of tissue occurs; rot.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *banô Proto-West Germanic *banō Old English bana Middle English bane English bane The noun is derived from Middle English bane (“person or thing that destroys life, murderer, slayer; person who destroys the soul; destruction of life, death, doom; poison”), from Old English bana (“person or thing that causes death, murderer”), from Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô (“killer, murderer, slayer; death, bane”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to slay, kill; to strike”). The verb is derived from the noun. cognates * Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 (banja, “wound”) * Old Frisian bona (“death; murder”) * Old Norse bani (Danish bane (“death; murder”), Icelandic bani (“bane, death”), Swedish bane (“death; murder”)), Old Norse ben (“(moral) wound”) * Old English ben, benn (“mortal injury; wound”) * Old High German bano (“death”) (Middle High German ban, bane) * Old Saxon bano (“death; murder”), beni (“mortal injury; wound”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*gʷʰen-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionbaneenm · person or thing that destroys life, murderer, slayer; person who destroys the soul; destruction of life, death, doom; poison
- Inherited-form mentionbanaang · person or thing that causes death, murderer
- Inherited-form mention*banōgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*banôgem-pro · killer, murderer, slayer; death, bane
- Inherited-form mention*gʷʰen-ine-pro
- Cognate mention𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰got · wound
- Cognate mentionbonaofs · death; murder
- Cognate mentionbaninon
- Cognate mentionbaneda · death; murder
- Cognate mentionbaniis · bane, death
- Cognate mentionbanesv · death; murder
- Cognate mentionbennon · (moral) wound
- Cognate mentionbenang
- Cognate mentionbanogoh · death
- Cognate mentionbangmh
- Cognate mentionbanoosx · death; murder
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "vern",
"args": {
"1": "fly-trap dogbane"
},
"expansion": "fly-trap dogbane"
},
{
"name": "vern",
"args": {
"1": "spreading dogbane"
},
"expansion": "spreading dogbane"
},
{
"name": "taxlink",
"args": {
"1": "Apocynum androsaemifolium",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Apocynum androsaemifolium"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poison"
},
"expansion": "etymology 1, noun sense 2"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bane",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *banô\nProto-West Germanic *banō\nOld English bana\nMiddle English bane\nEnglish bane\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*banō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"bana\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bane\">"
},
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bane",
"t": "person or thing that destroys life, murderer, slayer; person who destroys the soul; destruction of life, death, doom; poison"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bane (“person or thing that destroys life, murderer, slayer; person who destroys the soul; destruction of life, death, doom; poison”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bana",
"t": "person or thing that causes death, murderer"
},
"expansion": "Old English bana (“person or thing that causes death, murderer”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*banō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *banō"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*banô",
"t": "killer, murderer, slayer; death, bane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *banô (“killer, murderer, slayer; death, bane”)"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"gloss": "to slay, kill; to strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to slay, kill; to strike”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates"
},
"expansion": "cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰",
"t": "wound"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 (banja, “wound”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bona",
"t": "death; murder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian bona (“death; murder”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bani"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bani"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bane",
"t": "death; murder"
},
"expansion": "Danish bane (“death; murder”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bani",
"t": "bane, death"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic bani (“bane, death”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bane",
"t": "death; murder"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bane (“death; murder”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ben",
"t": "(moral) wound"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ben (“(moral) wound”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Old English ben"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bano",
"t": "death"
},
"expansion": "Old High German bano (“death”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ban"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ban"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bano",
"t": "death; murder"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon bano (“death; murder”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bane",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *banô\nProto-West Germanic *banō\nOld English bana\nMiddle English bane\nEnglish bane"
}
],
"links": [
[
"Flowers",
"flower#Noun"
],
[
"Dogbanes",
"dogbane"
],
[
"repel",
"repel"
],
[
"dogs",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"*banô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/banô"
],
[
"*banō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/banō"
],
[
"bana",
"bana#Old_English"
],
[
"bane",
"bane#Middle_English"
],
[
"bane",
"bane#Middle_English"
],
[
"bana",
"bana#Old_English"
],
[
"*banō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/banō"
],
[
"*banô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/banô"
],
[
"*gʷʰen-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰen-"
],
[
"𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰",
"𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰#Gothic"
],
[
"bona",
"bona#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"bani",
"bani#Old_Norse"
],
[
"bane",
"bane#Danish"
],
[
"bani",
"bani#Icelandic"
],
[
"bane",
"bane#Swedish"
],
[
"ben",
"ben#Old_Norse"
],
[
"ben",
"ben#Old_English"
],
[
"benn",
"benn#Old_English"
],
[
"bano",
"bano#Old_High_German"
],
[
"ban",
"ban#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"bane",
"bane#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"bano",
"bano#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"beni",
"beni#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To physically injure (someone or something); to harm, to hurt.",
"To cause (someone) misery or ruin; to socially or spiritually injure (someone).",
"To cause (sheep) a disease, especially the rot (“a disease in which breakdown of tissue occurs”).",
"To kill (a person or animal), especially by poison."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive",
"figuratively",
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 194633
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A cause of misery or ruin.",
"Chiefly in the names of poisonous plants or substances: a poison.",
"Misery, woe; also, doom, ruin; or physical injury, harm.",
"A disease of sheep in which breakdown of tissue occurs; rot."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"archaic",
"poetic",
"uncountable",
"UK",
"dialectal"
],
"recordId": "b8f93eeb6324817c99d0d18196369013ad66c6ffdce0d8adb90b5ed0fd63ac12",
"rawRecordSha256": "42b4c4e1eac4020febd3f9ab5ba9f3b17a95f3fe2438c42dcaaa3154ac4f688f",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 194632
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 2,
"glosses": 0
}
}