Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗To or in a previous condition or place. · In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing. · In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively. · Towards, into or in the past.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.? Proto-Germanic *baką Proto-West Germanic *bak Old English bæc Middle English bak English back From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback. Compare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bak<id:hind>",
"id": "rear",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bend\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeg-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*baką\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"bæc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bak\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"back\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"rear\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"back\" id=\"English:_rear\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bak"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bæc"
},
"expansion": "Old English bæc"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*baką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeg-",
"t": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)"
},
{
"name": "cognate",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bak",
"t": "back"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)"
},
{
"name": "cognate",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bekling",
"t": "chair back"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)"
},
{
"name": "cognate",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bah"
},
"expansion": "Old High German bah"
},
{
"name": "cognate",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish"
},
{
"name": "cognate",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bak"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bak"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bache",
"3": "",
"4": "sow [adult female hog]"
},
"expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bak<id:hind>",
"id": "rear",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*bʰeg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-#Proto-Indo-European:_bend"
],
[
"*baką",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baką"
],
[
"*bak",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bak"
],
[
"bæc",
"bæc#Old_English:_bak"
],
[
"bak",
"bak#Middle_English:_hind"
],
[
"bak",
"bak#Middle_English"
],
[
"bæc",
"bæc#Old_English"
],
[
"*bak",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bak"
],
[
"*baką",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baką"
],
[
"*bʰeg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-"
],
[
"aphetic",
"aphetic"
],
[
"aback",
"aback#English"
],
[
"bak",
"bak#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"bak",
"bak#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"bekling",
"bekling#West_Frisian"
],
[
"bah",
"bah#Old_High_German"
],
[
"bak",
"bak#Norwegian"
],
[
"Bache",
"Bache#German"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "bek"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"To or in a previous condition or place.",
"In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing.",
"In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively.",
"Towards, into or in the past."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"recordId": "7a192d74775be1485a9f198d9611cf586b0df083466cb8c998c90a7791a4a3c2",
"rawRecordSha256": "1c862e5e071c3e2b17316ad094856c93b8f586d6b2b8b8bca5c52c46027c3d84",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 31833
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 7,
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}
}