Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA bush. · A thicket; a small wood.
From Middle English bosk, busk, variants of bush (“grove, wood; thicket, underbrush; bush; branch of a shrub or tree”), from Old English *busc (attested only in place names), likely from Anglo-Latin bosca (“firewood”), from Late Latin busca, buscus, boscus (“wood; woodland”), from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“bush, thicket”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, grow, appear”). The English word is cognate with Dalmatian buasc (“forest; wood”), French bois (“wood (material); wood, woodland”), Italian bosco (“wood (wooded area)”), Sicilian voscu (“wood”), Middle Dutch bosch, busch (modern Dutch bos (“forest; wood”)), Norwegian busk (“bush, shrub”); Occitan boscs, Old High German busk (“bush”) (Middle High German busch, bosch, modern German Busch (“bush, shrub; brush, scrub”)), Portuguese bosque (“grove”), Spanish bosque (“forest”), West Frisian bosk (“forest”). Doublet of bush. Alternatively, the modern word may be a back-formation from bosky (“having abundant bushes, shrubs, or trees”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*bʰuH-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionboskenm
- Inherited-form mention*buscang
- Derivation mentionboscala · firewood
- Derivation mention*buskgmw-pro
- Derivation mention*buskazgem-pro · bush, thicket
- Derivation mention*bʰuH-ine-pro · to become, grow, appear
- Cognate mentionbuascdlm · forest; wood
- Cognate mentionboisfr · wood (material); wood, woodland
- Cognate mentionboscoit · wood (wooded area)
- Cognate mentionvoscuscn · wood
- Cognate mentionboschdum
- Cognate mentionbosnl · forest; wood
- Cognate mentionbuskno · bush, shrub
- Cognate mentionboscsoc
- Cognate mentionbuskgoh · bush
- Cognate mentionbuschgmh
- Cognate mentionBuschde · bush, shrub; brush, scrub
- Cognate mentionbosquept · grove
- Cognate mentionbosquees · forest
- Cognate mentionboskfy · forest
- Doublet mentionbushen
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bosk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bosk"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*busc",
"pos": "attested only in place names"
},
"expansion": "Old English *busc (attested only in place names)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bosca",
"t": "firewood"
},
"expansion": "Latin bosca (“firewood”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "busca"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin busca"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Frankish"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*busk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *busk"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*buskaz",
"t": "bush, thicket"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“bush, thicket”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-",
"t": "to become, grow, appear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, grow, appear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "buasc",
"t": "forest; wood"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian buasc (“forest; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bois",
"t": "wood (material); wood, woodland"
},
"expansion": "French bois (“wood (material); wood, woodland”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "bosco",
"t": "wood (wooded area)"
},
"expansion": "Italian bosco (“wood (wooded area)”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "voscu",
"t": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian voscu (“wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bosch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bosch"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bos",
"t": "forest; wood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bos (“forest; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "busk",
"t": "bush, shrub"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian busk (“bush, shrub”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "boscs"
},
"expansion": "Occitan boscs"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "busk",
"t": "bush"
},
"expansion": "Old High German busk (“bush”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "busch"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German busch"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Busch",
"t": "bush, shrub; brush, scrub"
},
"expansion": "German Busch (“bush, shrub; brush, scrub”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bosque",
"t": "grove"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese bosque (“grove”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "bosque",
"t": "forest"
},
"expansion": "Spanish bosque (“forest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bosk",
"t": "forest"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bosk (“forest”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bush"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bush"
},
{
"name": "back-formation",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bosky",
"t": "having abundant bushes, shrubs, or trees",
"nocap": "yes"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bosky (“having abundant bushes, shrubs, or trees”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"thicket",
"thicket"
],
[
"Monroe County",
"Monroe County"
],
[
"Pennsylvania",
"Pennsylvania"
],
[
"bosk",
"bosk#Middle_English"
],
[
"busk",
"busk#Middle_English"
],
[
"bush",
"bush#Middle_English"
],
[
"*busc",
"Reconstruction:Old English/busc"
],
[
"bosca",
"bosca#Latin"
],
[
"busca",
"busca#Latin"
],
[
"buscus",
"buscus#Latin"
],
[
"boscus",
"boscus#Latin"
],
[
"*busk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/busk"
],
[
"*buskaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/buskaz"
],
[
"*bʰuH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuH-"
],
[
"buasc",
"buasc#Dalmatian"
],
[
"bois",
"bois#French"
],
[
"bosco",
"bosco#Italian"
],
[
"voscu",
"voscu#Sicilian"
],
[
"bosch",
"bosch#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"busch",
"busch#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"bos",
"bos#Dutch"
],
[
"busk",
"busk#Norwegian"
],
[
"boscs",
"boscs#Occitan"
],
[
"busk",
"busk#Old_High_German"
],
[
"busch",
"busch#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"bosch",
"bosch#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"Busch",
"Busch#German"
],
[
"bosque",
"bosque#Portuguese"
],
[
"bosque",
"bosque#Spanish"
],
[
"bosk",
"bosk#West_Frisian"
],
[
"bush",
"bush#English"
],
[
"bosky",
"bosky#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A bush.",
"A thicket; a small wood."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"recordId": "443cbebd311d0835f4779666afd3170065029dc33847a2a3174d14799b3ad7b4",
"rawRecordSha256": "83d647cc13b834fab245f037f2782f6f3c149dd0824290c916596ac66b5df9d4",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 2471912
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}