Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adv
Used before an adjective as an intensifier
adj
Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from. · To fertilize with bone. · To put whalebone into. · To make level, using a particular procedure; to survey a level line.
From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”). Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bian, Biin, biinj (“bone; leg”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Icelandic bein (“bone; leg”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionbonenm
- Inherited-form mentionbānang · bone, tusk; the bone of a limb
- Inherited-form mention*bainągem-pro · bone
- Derivation mention*bʰeyh₂-ine-pro · to hit, strike, beat
- Cognate mentionbanesco
- Cognate mentionbianfrr
- Cognate mentionbienfy · bone
- Cognate mentionbeennl · bone; leg
- Cognate mentionBeinde · leg
- Cognate mentionGebeinde · bones
- Cognate mentionbensv · bone; leg
- Cognate mentionbenañbr · to cut, hew
- Cognate mentionperfinēsla · break through, break into pieces, shatter
- Cognate mention𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈ae · they fight, hit
- Cognate mentionbeinnnon · straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen
- Cognate mentionbainenm
- Cognate mentionbeinsco
- Cognate mentionbeinnis · straight, direct, hospitable
- Cognate mentionbeinno · straight, direct, easy to deal with
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bon"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"strike\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeyh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bainaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bainą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bain\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"bān\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bon\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bone\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bon"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bān",
"t": "bone, tusk; the bone of a limb"
},
"expansion": "Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bainą",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeyh₂-",
"t": "to hit, strike, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bane"
},
"expansion": "Scots bane"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "bian"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian bian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bien",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bien (“bone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "been",
"t": "bone; leg"
},
"expansion": "Dutch been (“bone; leg”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Been"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Been"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bein",
"t": "leg"
},
"expansion": "German Bein (“leg”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gebein",
"t": "bones"
},
"expansion": "German Gebein (“bones”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ben",
"t": "bone; leg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ben (“bone; leg”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn,is",
"2": "bein",
"t": "bone; leg"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Icelandic bein (“bone; leg”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "benañ",
"t": "to cut, hew"
},
"expansion": "Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perfinēs",
"t": "break through, break into pieces, shatter"
},
"expansion": "Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈",
"t": "they fight, hit"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "beinn",
"t": "straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bain"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bain"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bein"
},
"expansion": "Scots bein"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "beinn",
"t": "straight, direct, hospitable"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bein",
"t": "straight, direct, easy to deal with"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bon"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"bon",
"bon#Middle_English"
],
[
"bān",
"ban#Old_English"
],
[
"*bainą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bainą"
],
[
"*bainaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bainaz"
],
[
"*bʰeyh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeyh₂-"
],
[
"bane",
"bane#Scots"
],
[
"been",
"been#Scots"
],
[
"bean",
"bean#Scots"
],
[
"bein",
"bein#Scots"
],
[
"bain",
"bain#Scots"
],
[
"bian",
"bian#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Biin",
"Biin#North_Frisian"
],
[
"biinj",
"biinj#North_Frisian"
],
[
"bien",
"bien#West_Frisian"
],
[
"been",
"been#Dutch"
],
[
"Been",
"Been#Low_German"
],
[
"Bein",
"Bein#Low_German"
],
[
"Bein",
"Bein#German"
],
[
"Gebein",
"Gebein#German"
],
[
"ben",
"ben#Swedish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"bein#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"bein#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"bein",
"bein#Icelandic"
],
[
"benañ",
"benañ#Breton"
],
[
"perfinēs",
"perfines#Latin"
],
[
"𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈",
"𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈#Avestan"
],
[
"beinn",
"beinn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"bain",
"bain#Middle_English"
],
[
"bayne",
"bayne#Middle_English"
],
[
"bayn",
"bayn#Middle_English"
],
[
"beyn",
"beyn#Middle_English"
],
[
"bein",
"bein#Scots"
],
[
"bien",
"bien#Scots"
],
[
"beinn",
"beinn#Icelandic"
],
[
"bein",
"bein#Norwegian"
],
[
"bain",
"bain#English"
],
[
"bein",
"bein#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Used before an adjective as an intensifier"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from.",
"To fertilize with bone.",
"To put whalebone into.",
"To make level, using a particular procedure; to survey a level line."
],
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}