*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of auto-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew Proto-Indo-European *tó- Proto-Hellenic *autós Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewder. Ancient Greek αὖ (aû) Ancient Greek τόν (tón) Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós) Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)l

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
prefix

Reflexive, regarding or to oneself.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew Proto-Indo-European *tó- Proto-Hellenic *autós Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewder. Ancient Greek αὖ (aû) Ancient Greek τόν (tón) Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós) Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)lbor. English auto- Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-, “self-”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":lbor",
        "3": "grc:αὐτο-",
        "id": "reflexive",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew\nProto-Indo-European *tó-\nProto-Hellenic *autós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.\nAncient Greek αὖ (aû)\nAncient Greek τόν (tón)\nAncient Greek αὐτός (autós)\nAncient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)lbor.\nEnglish auto-\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂ew\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*tó-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*só\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*autós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"away from\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"away from\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂ew\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὖ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"τόν\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὐτός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὐτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"auto-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"reflexive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"auto-\" id=\"English:_reflexive\">"
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        "t": "self-"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-, “self-”)"
    },
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    }
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  "links": [
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      "*h₂ew",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew"
    ],
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    ],
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      "*autós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/autós"
    ],
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      "*h₂ew",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew#Proto-Indo-European:_away_from"
    ],
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      "αὖ",
      "αὖ#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
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      "αὐτο-#Ancient_Greek"
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      "αὐτο-#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
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      "self-",
      "self-"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "glosses": [
        "Reflexive, regarding or to oneself."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
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      "rawRecordSha256": "f785647b156a2ecb3cad9de013e828ff573b358acda3c42c651303eceb92b0be",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 166361
    }
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
prefix

Automatic.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew Proto-Indo-European *tó- Proto-Hellenic *autós Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewder. Ancient Greek αὖ (aû) Ancient Greek τόν (tón) Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós) Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-) Proto-Indo-European *men- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *mn̥tós Proto-Hellenic *mətós Ancient Greek αὐτόμᾰτος (autómătos) Ancient Greek αὐτόμᾰτον (autómăton)der. Classical Latin automatum New Latin automaticusbor. English automaticclip. English auto- Clipping of automatic.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "automatic",
        "id": "automatic",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew\nProto-Indo-European *tó-\nProto-Hellenic *autós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.\nAncient Greek αὖ (aû)\nAncient Greek τόν (tón)\nAncient Greek αὐτός (autós)\nAncient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *mn̥tós\nProto-Hellenic *mətós\nAncient Greek αὐτόμᾰτος (autómătos)\nAncient Greek αὐτόμᾰτον (autómăton)der.\nClassical Latin automatum\nNew Latin automaticusbor.\nEnglish automaticclip.\nEnglish auto-\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂ew\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*tó-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*só\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*autós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"away from\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"away from\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂ew\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὖ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"τόν\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὐτός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὐτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thought\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"think\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*men-\", \"gloss\" : \"to think\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"verbal adjective suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mn̥tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*mətós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὐτόμᾰτος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"αὐτόμᾰτον\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Latin\", \"term\" : \"automatum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-cla\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"automaticus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"automatic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"auto-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"automatic\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"auto-\" id=\"English:_automatic\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "clipping",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "automatic"
      },
      "expansion": "Clipping of automatic"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "automatic",
        "id": "automatic",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew\nProto-Indo-European *tó-\nProto-Hellenic *autós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.\nAncient Greek αὖ (aû)\nAncient Greek τόν (tón)\nAncient Greek αὐτός (autós)\nAncient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *mn̥tós\nProto-Hellenic *mətós\nAncient Greek αὐτόμᾰτος (autómătos)\nAncient Greek αὐτόμᾰτον (autómăton)der.\nClassical Latin automatum\nNew Latin automaticusbor.\nEnglish automaticclip.\nEnglish auto-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*h₂ew",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew"
    ],
    [
      "*tó-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/só"
    ],
    [
      "*autós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/autós"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂ew",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew#Proto-Indo-European:_away_from"
    ],
    [
      "αὖ",
      "αὖ#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "τόν",
      "τόν#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
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      "αὐτός",
      "αὐτός#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "αὐτο-",
      "αὐτο-#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "*men-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/men-#Proto-Indo-European:_think"
    ],
    [
      "*-tós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós"
    ],
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      "*mn̥tós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mn̥tós#Proto-Indo-European:_thought"
    ],
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      "*mətós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/mətós"
    ],
    [
      "αὐτόμᾰτος",
      "αὐτόματος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "αὐτόμᾰτον",
      "αὐτόματον#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
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      "automatum",
      "automatum#Latin"
    ],
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      "automaticus",
      "automaticus#Latin"
    ],
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      "automatic",
      "automatic#English"
    ],
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    ]
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
prefix

Self-propelled. · Relating to cars or the driving of cars.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew Proto-Indo-European *tó- Proto-Hellenic *autós Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewder. Ancient Greek αὖ (aû) Ancient Greek τόν (tón) Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós) Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)lbor. French auto- Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *m(y)owh₁éyeti Proto-Italic *moweō Latin moveō Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom Proto-Italic *-ðlom Proto-Italic *-ðlis Latin -bilis Latin mōbilislbor. French mobile French automobilebor. English automobileclip. English auto- Clipping of automobile (“self-propelled”), itself equivalent to auto- (“self”) + mobile. In later formations influenced by auto (“automobile”).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "automobile",
        "id": "automobile",
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      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew\nProto-Indo-European *tó-\nProto-Hellenic *autós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.\nAncient Greek αὖ (aû)\nAncient Greek τόν (tón)\nAncient Greek αὐτός (autós)\nAncient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)lbor.\nFrench auto-\nProto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *m(y)owh₁éyeti\nProto-Italic *moweō\nLatin moveō\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin mōbilislbor.\nFrench mobile\nFrench automobilebor.\nEnglish automobileclip.\nEnglish auto-\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"self-\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"self-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { 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} ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"moveō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"est\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-dʰlom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ðlom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ðlis\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-bilis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mōbilis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"mobile\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"automobile\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"automobile\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"auto-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"automobile\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"auto-\" id=\"English:_automobile\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "clipping",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "automobile",
        "id": "self-propelled",
        "t": "self-propelled"
      },
      "expansion": "Clipping of automobile (“self-propelled”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "sup",
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²"
    },
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      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "automobile",
        "id": "automobile",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew\nProto-Indo-European *tó-\nProto-Hellenic *autós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.\nAncient Greek αὖ (aû)\nAncient Greek τόν (tón)\nAncient Greek αὐτός (autós)\nAncient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)lbor.\nFrench auto-\nProto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *m(y)owh₁éyeti\nProto-Italic *moweō\nLatin moveō\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin mōbilislbor.\nFrench mobile\nFrench automobilebor.\nEnglish automobileclip.\nEnglish auto-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*h₂ew",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew"
    ],
    [
      "*tó-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/só"
    ],
    [
      "*autós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/autós"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂ew",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew#Proto-Indo-European:_away_from"
    ],
    [
      "αὖ",
      "αὖ#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "τόν",
      "τόν#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "αὐτός",
      "αὐτός#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "αὐτο-",
      "αὐτο-#Ancient_Greek:_self-"
    ],
    [
      "auto-",
      "auto-#French:_self-"
    ],
    [
      "*m(y)ewh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/m(y)ewh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_move"
    ],
    [
      "*-yeti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-éyeti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti"
    ],
    [
      "*moweō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/moweō#Proto-Italic:_move"
    ],
    [
      "moveō",
      "moveo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-dʰlom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰlom"
    ],
    [
      "*-ðlom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ðlom"
    ],
    [
      "*-ðlis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ðlis#Proto-Italic:_est"
    ],
    [
      "-bilis",
      "-bilis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "mōbilis",
      "mobilis#Latin:_movable"
    ],
    [
      "mobile",
      "mobile#French:_movable"
    ],
    [
      "automobile",
      "automobile#French"
    ],
    [
      "automobile",
      "automobile#English"
    ],
    [
      "automobile",
      "automobile#English:_self-propelled"
    ],
    [
      "self-propelled",
      "self-propelled"
    ],
    [
      "auto-",
      "auto-#English:_self"
    ],
    [
      "mobile",
      "mobile#English"
    ],
    [
      "auto",
      "auto#English:_Q1420"
    ],
    [
      "automobile",
      "automobile#English:_Q1420"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prefix",
      "glosses": [
        "Self-propelled.",
        "Relating to cars or the driving of cars."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "e850f20bdaf78e1e8afe64caa4112cf9c3b16b1f84a547e7ddbb1606e85dcf0b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "58892d28f52aa6364db77424ac3af8d4e3de13d3548ad18163cf553baa53a27a",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 166363
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for auto- →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YXV0by0