*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of ass

From Middle English asse, from Old English assa, back-formed from assen (“she-ass”), from Celtic (compare Old Irish asan, Old Cornish asen), from Latin asinus. Displaced Old English esol, from Proto-West Germanic *asil,

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

Any of several species of horselike animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden. · Equus asinus; a domesticated specimen thereof. · A stupid or inconsiderate person. · A compositor.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English asse, from Old English assa, back-formed from assen (“she-ass”), from Celtic (compare Old Irish asan, Old Cornish asen), from Latin asinus. Displaced Old English esol, from Proto-West Germanic *asil, also a loanword from the same Latin word. Sense “stupid person” from the animal's reputation for stubbornness, going back to antiquity (compare Latin asinus (“slow-witted person”)).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionasseenm
  • Inherited-form mentionassaang
  • Cognate mentionasansga
  • Cognate mentionasenoco
  • Derivation mentionasinusla
  • Cognate mentionesolang
  • Cognate mention*asilgmw-pro
  • Cognate mentionasinusla · slow-witted person
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:asse",
        "id": "equine"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ass\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"equine\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ass\" id=\"English:_equine\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "asse"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English asse"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "assa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English assa"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel"
      },
      "expansion": "Celtic"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "asan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish asan"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "asen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish asen"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "asinus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin asinus"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "esol"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English esol"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*asil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *asil"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "asinus",
        "id": "figurative",
        "t": "slow-witted person"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin asinus (“slow-witted person”)"
    },
    {
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        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:asse",
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    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "asse",
      "asse#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "assa",
      "assa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "assen",
      "assen#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "asan",
      "asan#Old_Irish"
    ],
    [
      "asen",
      "asen#Old_Cornish"
    ],
    [
      "asinus",
      "asinus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "esol",
      "esol#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*asil",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/asil"
    ],
    [
      "asinus",
      "asinus#Latin:_figurative"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Pohnpeian",
      "lang_code": "pon",
      "word": "ahs",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
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        "Any of several species of horselike animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden.",
        "Equus asinus; a domesticated specimen thereof.",
        "A stupid or inconsiderate person.",
        "A compositor."
      ],
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}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
particle

Synonym of -ass (used to intensify an adjective).

noun

The buttocks. · The anus. · Sex; a person to have sex with. · Used in similes to express something bad or unpleasant.

adj

Of low quality; bad.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Variant of arse; used chiefly in North America. Ultimately from Middle English ars, ers, from Old English ærs, ears, from Proto-West Germanic *ars, from Proto-Germanic *arsaz (compare Old High German ars (German Arsch), Old Norse ars, Old Frisian ers), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁órsos (compare Ancient Greek ὄρρος (órrhos)). Etymological notes Contrary to the widespread belief of this being a euphemism, it arose as a pronunciation spelling (of the older form arse still used in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, etc.) that shows the assimilation of /ɹ/ before coronal consonants (especially /s/), a phenomenon that has been present in nonstandard speech from the Middle English period onwards; this is distinct from the later phenomenon of non-rhoticity as /ɹ/ was lost before it could modify the preceding vowel. Other instances of this phenomenon (some of which retained both spellings with different meanings) include cuss from curse, gash from garsh, bass (“fish”) from barse, bust from burst, passel from parcel; see :Category:English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/ for a more extensive list.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionarsenm
  • Inherited-form mentionærsang
  • Inherited-form mention*arsgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*arsazgem-pro
  • Cognate mentionarsgoh
  • Cognate mentionArschde
  • Cognate mentionarsnon
  • Cognate mentionersofs
  • Inherited-form mention*h₁órsosine-pro
  • Cognate mentionὄρροςgrc

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:ars",
        "id": "buttocks"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*arsaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ars\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ears\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"ars\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ass\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"buttocks\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ass\" id=\"English:_buttocks\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "nrhot",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "arse",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "arse"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ars"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ars"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ærs"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ærs"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*ars"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ars"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*arsaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arsaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "ars"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ars"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Arsch"
      },
      "expansion": "German Arsch"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ars"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse ars"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "ers"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian ers"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁órsos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁órsos"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὄρρος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄρρος (órrhos)"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "Etymological notes"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymological notes"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "coronal"
      },
      "expansion": "coronal"
    },
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      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:ars",
        "id": "buttocks"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "arse",
      "arse#English"
    ],
    [
      "ars",
      "ars#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ers",
      "ers#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ærs",
      "ærs#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ears",
      "ears#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*ars",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ars"
    ],
    [
      "*arsaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arsaz"
    ],
    [
      "ars",
      "ars#Old_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "Arsch",
      "Arsch#German"
    ],
    [
      "ars",
      "ars#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "ers",
      "ers#Old_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁órsos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁órsos"
    ],
    [
      "ὄρρος",
      "ὄρρος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "pronunciation spelling",
      "pronunciation spelling"
    ],
    [
      "arse",
      "arse#English"
    ],
    [
      "rhoticity",
      "rhoticity"
    ],
    [
      "cuss",
      "cuss#English"
    ],
    [
      "curse",
      "curse#English"
    ],
    [
      "gash",
      "gash#English"
    ],
    [
      "garsh",
      "garsh#English"
    ],
    [
      "bass",
      "bass#English"
    ],
    [
      "barse",
      "barse#English"
    ],
    [
      "bust",
      "bust#English"
    ],
    [
      "burst",
      "burst#English"
    ],
    [
      "passel",
      "passel#English"
    ],
    [
      "parcel",
      "parcel#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "particle",
      "glosses": [
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        "Sex; a person to have sex with.",
        "Used in similes to express something bad or unpleasant."
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for ass →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YXNz