Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To reduce to a residue of ash. See ashing. · To hit the end off (a burning cigar or cigarette). · To mark (someone) with an ashen cross on the forehead to observe Ash Wednesday. · To cover newly-sown fields of crops with ashes.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryThe solid remains of a fire. · The nonaqueous remains of a material subjected to any complete oxidation process. · Fine particles from a volcano, volcanic ash. · Human (or animal) remains after cremation.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-der.? Proto-Germanic *askǭ Proto-West Germanic *askā Old English æsce Middle English asche English ash Inherited from Middle English asche, asshe, aske, from Old English acse, asċe, axe, axse, æsċe, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ (“ash”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to be dry; to burn; hearth; ashes”). Cognates Cognate with Yola ashen, oaskean (“ashes”), Saterland Frisian Ääske (“ash”), West Frisian jiske (“ash”), Alemannic German Äsche (“ash”), Cimbrian èssa (“ash”), Dutch as, asch (“ash”), German Asche (“ash”), Limburgish Aïsch, Aïsche, Äsch (“ash; grayling”), Luxembourgish Äsch (“ash”), Vilamovian oś, oš (“ash”), Yiddish אַש (ash, “ash”), Danish aske (“ash”), Faroese øska (“ash, ashes”), Icelandic and Swedish aska (“ash”), Norwegian Bokmål aske (“ash”), Norwegian Nynorsk oske (“ash”), Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō, “ash; cinder”); Breton and Cornish ster (“stars”), Welsh sêr (“stars”), Latin āreō (“to be dry or parched; to be dried up or withered”), Greek αστέρας (astéras), αστέρι (astéri), άστρο (ástro, “star”), Armenian աստուճ (astuč), աշտուճ (aštuč, “dry (of bread)”), Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭 (star, “star”), Baluchi استار (astár / istár), استال (istál, “star”), Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre, “star”), Northern Kurdish stêr (“star”), Ossetian стъалы (st’aly, “star”), Pashto ستوری (stóray, “star”), Persian سِتَارَه (setāra / sitâre, “star; destiny, fate; spark”), Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸 (ḫa-aš-ša-a-aš, “fireplace, hearth”), Ashkun istã́ (“star”), Tocharian A āştär (“pure”), Tocharian B astare (“pure”), Sanskrit आस (āsa, “ashes; dust”). The dialectal plural axen is from Middle English axen, axnen, from Old English axan, asċan (“ashes”) (plural of Old English axe, æsċe (“ash”)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionascheenm
- Inherited-form mentionacseang
- Inherited-form mention*askāgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*askǭgem-pro · ash
- Derivation mention*h₂eHs-ine-pro · to be dry; to burn; hearth; ashes
- Cognate mentionashenyol
- Cognate mentionÄäskestq · ash
- Cognate mentionjiskefy · ash
- Cognate mentionÄschegsw · ash
- Cognate mentionèssacim · ash
- Cognate mentionasnl
- Cognate mentionAschede · ash
- Cognate mentionAïschli
- Cognate mentionÄschlb · ash
- Cognate mentionośwym
- Cognate mentionאַשyi · ash
- Cognate mentionaskeda · ash
- Cognate mentionøskafo · ash, ashes
- Cognate mentionaskenb · ash
- Cognate mentionoskenn · ash
- Cognate mention𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉got · ash; cinder
- Cognate mentionsêrcy · stars
- Cognate mentionāreōla · to be dry or parched; to be dried up or withered
- Cognate mentionαστέραςel
- Cognate mentionաստուճhy
- Cognate mention𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭ae · star
- Cognate mentionاستارbal
- Cognate mentionئەستێرەckb · star
- Cognate mentionstêrkmr · star
- Cognate mentionстъалыos · star
- Cognate mentionستوریps · star
- Cognate mentionسِتَارَهfa · star; destiny, fate; spark
- Cognate mention𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸hit · fireplace, hearth
- Cognate mentionistã́ask · star
- Cognate mentionāştärxto · pure
- Cognate mentionastaretxb · pure
- Cognate mentionआसsa · ashes; dust
- Inherited-form mentionaxenenm
- Inherited-form mentionaxanang
- Derivation mentionaxeang
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:asche",
"id": "remains",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-der.?\nProto-Germanic *askǭ\nProto-West Germanic *askā\nOld English æsce\nMiddle English asche\nEnglish ash\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eHs-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*askǭ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*askā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"æsce\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"asche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ash\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"remains\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ash\" id=\"English:_remains\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "asche",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English asche"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "asche"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English asche"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "acse"
},
"expansion": "Old English acse"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*askā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *askā"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*askǭ",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *askǭ (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eHs-",
"t": "to be dry; to burn; hearth; ashes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to be dry; to burn; hearth; ashes”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ashen"
},
"expansion": "Yola ashen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Ääske",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Ääske (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "jiske",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian jiske (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Äsche",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Äsche (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "èssa",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian èssa (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "as"
},
"expansion": "Dutch as"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Asche",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "German Asche (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "Aïsch"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish Aïsch"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Äsch",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Äsch (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "oś"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian oś"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אַש",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish אַש (ash, “ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "aske",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Danish aske (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "øska",
"t": "ash, ashes"
},
"expansion": "Faroese øska (“ash, ashes”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is,sv",
"2": "aska",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic and Swedish aska (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "aske",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål aske (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "oske",
"t": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk oske (“ash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉",
"t": "ash; cinder"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō, “ash; cinder”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br,kw",
"2": "ster",
"t": "stars"
},
"expansion": "Breton and Cornish ster (“stars”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sêr",
"t": "stars"
},
"expansion": "Welsh sêr (“stars”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "āreō",
"t": "to be dry or parched; to be dried up or withered"
},
"expansion": "Latin āreō (“to be dry or parched; to be dried up or withered”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "αστέρας"
},
"expansion": "Greek αστέρας (astéras)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "աստուճ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian աստուճ (astuč)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭",
"tr": "star",
"t": "star"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭 (star, “star”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "استار",
"tr": "astár / istár"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi استار (astár / istár)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ئەستێرە",
"t": "star"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre, “star”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "stêr",
"t": "star"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish stêr (“star”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "стъалы",
"t": "star"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian стъалы (st’aly, “star”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "ستوری",
"tr": "stóray",
"t": "star"
},
"expansion": "Pashto ستوری (stóray, “star”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سِتَارَه",
"tr": "setāra / sitâre",
"t": "star; destiny, fate; spark"
},
"expansion": "Persian سِتَارَه (setāra / sitâre, “star; destiny, fate; spark”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸",
"tr": "ḫa-aš-ša-a-aš",
"t": "fireplace, hearth"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸 (ḫa-aš-ša-a-aš, “fireplace, hearth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "istã́",
"t": "star"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun istã́ (“star”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "āştär",
"t": "pure"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A āştär (“pure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "astare",
"t": "pure"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B astare (“pure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आस",
"t": "ashes; dust"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आस (āsa, “ashes; dust”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "axen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English axen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "axan"
},
"expansion": "Old English axan"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "axe"
},
"expansion": "Old English axe"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:asche",
"id": "remains",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-der.?\nProto-Germanic *askǭ\nProto-West Germanic *askā\nOld English æsce\nMiddle English asche\nEnglish ash"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₂eHs-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eHs-"
],
[
"*askǭ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/askǭ"
],
[
"*askā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/askā"
],
[
"æsce",
"æsce#Old_English:_ash"
],
[
"asche",
"asche#Middle_English"
],
[
"asche",
"asche#Middle_English"
],
[
"asshe",
"asshe#Middle_English"
],
[
"aske",
"aske#Middle_English"
],
[
"acse",
"acse#Old_English"
],
[
"asċe",
"asce#Old_English"
],
[
"axe",
"axe#Old_English"
],
[
"axse",
"axse#Old_English"
],
[
"æsċe",
"æsce#Old_English"
],
[
"*askā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/askā"
],
[
"*askǭ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/askǭ"
],
[
"*h₂eHs-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eHs-"
],
[
"ashen",
"ashen#Yola"
],
[
"oaskean",
"oaskean#Yola"
],
[
"Ääske",
"Ääske#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"jiske",
"jiske#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Äsche",
"Äsche#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"èssa",
"èssa#Cimbrian"
],
[
"as",
"as#Dutch"
],
[
"asch",
"asch#Dutch"
],
[
"Asche",
"Asche#German"
],
[
"Aïsch",
"Aïsch#Limburgish"
],
[
"Aïsche",
"Aïsche#Limburgish"
],
[
"Äsch",
"Äsch#Limburgish"
],
[
"Äsch",
"Äsch#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"oś",
"oś#Vilamovian"
],
[
"oš",
"oš#Vilamovian"
],
[
"אַש",
"אַש#Yiddish"
],
[
"aske",
"aske#Danish"
],
[
"øska",
"øska#Faroese"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"aska#Icelandic"
],
[
"aska",
"aska#Swedish"
],
[
"aske",
"aske#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"oske",
"oske#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉",
"𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉#Gothic"
],
[
"Breton",
"ster#Breton"
],
[
"ster",
"ster#Cornish"
],
[
"sêr",
"sêr#Welsh"
],
[
"āreō",
"areo#Latin"
],
[
"αστέρας",
"αστέρας#Greek"
],
[
"αστέρι",
"αστέρι#Greek"
],
[
"άστρο",
"άστρο#Greek"
],
[
"աստուճ",
"աստուճ#Armenian"
],
[
"աշտուճ",
"աշտուճ#Armenian"
],
[
"𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭",
"𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭#Avestan"
],
[
"استار",
"استار#Baluchi"
],
[
"استال",
"استال#Baluchi"
],
[
"ئەستێرە",
"ئەستێرە#Central_Kurdish"
],
[
"stêr",
"stêr#Northern_Kurdish"
],
[
"стъалы",
"стъалы#Ossetian"
],
[
"ستوری",
"ستوری#Pashto"
],
[
"سِتَارَه",
"ستاره#Persian"
],
[
"𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸",
"𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸#Hittite"
],
[
"istã́",
"istã́#Ashkun"
],
[
"āştär",
"āştär#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"astare",
"astare#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"आस",
"आस#Sanskrit"
],
[
"axen",
"axen"
],
[
"axen",
"axen#Middle_English"
],
[
"axnen",
"axnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"axan",
"axan#Old_English"
],
[
"asċan",
"ascan#Old_English"
],
[
"axe",
"axe#Old_English"
],
[
"æsċe",
"æsce#Old_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To reduce to a residue of ash. See ashing.",
"To hit the end off (a burning cigar or cigarette).",
"To mark (someone) with an ashen cross on the forehead to observe Ash Wednesday.",
"To cover newly-sown fields of crops with ashes."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"Australia",
"transitive",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "32017f4b93e81d8e0f21f6413cf35a2433d65e28bcd64700e9cd7bd9eca799ee",
"rawRecordSha256": "fa830202bc70fa086d96dc59aa5d380ce4071e339cf728020110b011463ac44c",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38960
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The solid remains of a fire.",
"The nonaqueous remains of a material subjected to any complete oxidation process.",
"Fine particles from a volcano, volcanic ash.",
"Human (or animal) remains after cremation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"in-plural"
],
"recordId": "e5415fdd81c38845f01d19f8312aec145e20e4a8b0bf49a870f38e29017d9e04",
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],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 4,
"glosses": 0
}
}