Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA large, highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground (rather than air or naval) operations. · Used absolutely for that entire branch of the armed forces. · Within a vast military, a very large tactical contingent (e.g. a number of divisions). · The governmental agency in charge of a state's army.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Proto-Indo-European *-mós Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos Proto-Italic *armosder. Latin arma Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin armō ▲ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Latin armātus Anglo-Norman armeebor. Middle English armee English army From (1386) Middle English armee, borrowed from Old French armee (cf. modern French armée), from Medieval Latin armāta (“armed force”), a noun taken from the past participle of Latin armāre (“to arm”), itself related to arma (“tools, arms”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to join, fit together”). Doublet of armada. Displaced native Old English here and fierd.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:armee",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂er-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos\nProto-Italic *armosder.\nLatin arma\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin armō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin armātus\nAnglo-Norman armeebor.\nMiddle English armee\nEnglish army\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"armed\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"arm\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"arms\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂(e)rmos\", \"id\" : \"fitting\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to fit\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂er-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*armos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"arma\", \"gloss\" : \"arms, weapons\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", 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\"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"armō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*-h₂<id:collective nouns><pos:suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender>\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"armātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"armee\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"armee\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"army\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"army\">"
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"2": "ine-pro",
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},
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},
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"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "armee"
},
"expansion": "Middle English armee"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "armee"
},
"expansion": "Old French armee"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "armāta",
"4": "",
"5": "armed force"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin armāta (“armed force”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "armāre",
"4": "",
"5": "to arm"
},
"expansion": "Latin armāre (“to arm”)"
},
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"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to join, fit together"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to join, fit together”)"
},
{
"name": "dbt",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "armada"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of armada"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "here"
},
"expansion": "Old English here"
},
{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:armee",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂er-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos\nProto-Italic *armosder.\nLatin arma\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin armō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin armātus\nAnglo-Norman armeebor.\nMiddle English armee\nEnglish army"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₂er-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂er-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_fit"
],
[
"*-mós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mós"
],
[
"*armos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/armos"
],
[
"arma",
"arma#Latin:_arms"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"armō",
"armo#Latin:_arm"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-eh₂tos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂tos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
],
[
"*-ātos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ātos#Proto-Italic:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ātus",
"-atus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"armātus",
"armatus#Latin:_armed"
],
[
"armee",
"armee#Old_French"
],
[
"armee",
"armee#Middle_English"
],
[
"armee",
"armee#Middle_English"
],
[
"armee",
"armee#Old_French"
],
[
"armée",
"armée#French"
],
[
"armāta",
"armata#Latin"
],
[
"armāre",
"armare#Latin"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"arma",
"arma#Latin"
],
[
"*h₂er-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂er-"
],
[
"armada",
"armada#English"
],
[
"here",
"here#Old_English"
],
[
"fierd",
"fierd#Old_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "ami"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A large, highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground (rather than air or naval) operations.",
"Used absolutely for that entire branch of the armed forces.",
"Within a vast military, a very large tactical contingent (e.g. a number of divisions).",
"The governmental agency in charge of a state's army."
],
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