English word origin

Etymology of ard

Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr, from Proto-Germanic *arþrą (“plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough”), whence also Latin aratrum.

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

noun

A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr, from Proto-Germanic *arþrą (“plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough”), whence also Latin aratrum.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Root classification mention*h₂erh₃-ine-pro
Borrowed-form mentionardno · plough
Derivation mentionarðrnon
Derivation mention*arþrągem-pro · plough
Derivation mention*h₂érh₃tromine-pro · plough
Cognate mentionaratrumla

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "bor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "no",
        "3": "ard",
        "t": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian ard (“plough”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "arðr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse arðr"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*arþrą",
        "t": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arþrą (“plough”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂érh₃trom",
        "t": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "aratrum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin aratrum"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ard",
      "ard#Norwegian"
    ],
    [
      "arðr",
      "arðr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*arþrą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arþrą"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂érh₃trom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂érh₃trom"
    ],
    [
      "aratrum",
      "aratrum#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

intj

Contraction of all right.

adv

Contraction of all right.

adj

Contraction of all right. · Okay; average; nothing special.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Contraction of all right, possibly influenced by regional Philadelphia English pronunciation.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "pos": "intj",
      "glosses": [
        "Contraction of all right."
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for ard →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-YXJk