Etymology of also

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

adv

In addition; besides; as well; further; too. · To the same degree or extent; so, as.

conj

and in addition

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Indo-European *h₂elnós Proto-Germanic *allaz Proto-West Germanic *all Proto-Indo-European *swéder.? Proto-Germanic *swa Proto-West Germanic *swā Proto-West Germanic *allswā Old English eallswā Middle English also English also From Middle English also, alswo, alswa (also als(e), as, whence English as), from Old English eallswā (“just like, also”), from Proto-West Germanic *allswā, equivalent to all + so. Cognate with Scots alsa, alswa (“also, even so, in the same way, as, as well”), Saterland Frisian also (“accordingly, therefore, thus”), West Frisian alsa (“so, just so, even so, thus”), Old Saxon alsō (“similarly, as if, just as, when”), Dutch alzo (“so, thus”), German also (“so, thus”), Danish altså (“so”), Norwegian Bokmål altså (“so, therefore, accordingly, thus”), Norwegian Nynorsk altso (“so, accordingly, therefore, thus”), Swedish alltså (“so, therefore, accordingly, thus, then”). Doublet of as. More at all, so.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Root classification mention*h₂el-ine-pro
Inherited-form mentionalsoenm
Inherited-form mentioneallswāang
Inherited-form mention*allswāgmw-pro
Compound componentallen
Compound componentsoen
Cognate mentionalsasco
Cognate mentionalsostq
Cognate mentionalsafy
Cognate mentionalsōosx
Cognate mentionalzonl
Cognate mentionalsode
Cognate mentionaltsåda
Cognate mentionaltsånb
Cognate mentionaltsonn
Cognate mentionalltsåsv
Doublet mentionasen

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:also",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂elnós\nProto-Germanic *allaz\nProto-West Germanic *all\nProto-Indo-European *swéder.?\nProto-Germanic *swa\nProto-West Germanic *swā\nProto-West Germanic *allswā\nOld English eallswā\nMiddle English also\nEnglish also\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"all\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂elnós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*allaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*all\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"so\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*swa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*swā\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*allswā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"gmw-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"gem-pro:*allaz\", \"id\" : \"allaz\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*all\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"eall\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"swā\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"eallswā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"also\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"also\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"also\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂el-",
        "id": "all"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "dercat",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "langname",
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
    },
    {
      "name": "word",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine",
        "3": "swé"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "also"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English also"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eallswā",
        "4": "",
        "5": "just like, also"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eallswā (“just like, also”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*allswā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *allswā"
    },
    {
      "name": "com",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "all",
        "3": "so"
      },
      "expansion": "all + so"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "alsa"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots alsa"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "also",
        "3": "",
        "4": "accordingly, therefore, thus"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian also (“accordingly, therefore, thus”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "alsa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so, just so, even so, thus"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian alsa (“so, just so, even so, thus”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "alsō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "similarly, as if, just as, when"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon alsō (“similarly, as if, just as, when”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "alzo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so, thus"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch alzo (“so, thus”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "also",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so, thus"
      },
      "expansion": "German also (“so, thus”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "altså",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish altså (“so”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "altså",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so, therefore, accordingly, thus"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål altså (“so, therefore, accordingly, thus”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "altso",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so, accordingly, therefore, thus"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk altso (“so, accordingly, therefore, thus”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "alltså",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so, therefore, accordingly, thus, then"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish alltså (“so, therefore, accordingly, thus, then”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "as"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of as"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:also",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂elnós\nProto-Germanic *allaz\nProto-West Germanic *all\nProto-Indo-European *swéder.?\nProto-Germanic *swa\nProto-West Germanic *swā\nProto-West Germanic *allswā\nOld English eallswā\nMiddle English also\nEnglish also"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*h₂el-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_all"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂elnós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂elnós"
    ],
    [
      "*allaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/allaz"
    ],
    [
      "*all",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/all"
    ],
    [
      "*swé",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swé"
    ],
    [
      "*swa",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swa"
    ],
    [
      "*swā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swā#Proto-West_Germanic:_so"
    ],
    [
      "*allswā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/allswā"
    ],
    [
      "eallswā",
      "eallswa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "also",
      "also#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "also",
      "also#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "alswo",
      "alswo#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "alswa",
      "alswa#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "als(e)",
      "als#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "as",
      "as#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "as",
      "as#English"
    ],
    [
      "eallswā",
      "eallswa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*allswā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/allswā"
    ],
    [
      "all",
      "all#English"
    ],
    [
      "so",
      "so#English"
    ],
    [
      "alsa",
      "alsa#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "alswa",
      "alswa#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "also",
      "also#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "alsa",
      "alsa#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "alsō",
      "also#Old_Saxon"
    ],
    [
      "alzo",
      "alzo#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "also",
      "also#German"
    ],
    [
      "altså",
      "altså#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "altså",
      "altså#Norwegian_Bokmål"
    ],
    [
      "altso",
      "altso#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "alltså",
      "alltså#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "as",
      "as#English"
    ],
    [
      "all",
      "all#English"
    ],
    [
      "so",
      "so#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adv",
      "glosses": [
        "In addition; besides; as well; further; too.",
        "To the same degree or extent; so, as."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "focus",
        "not-comparable",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "246cbe316bc999dcf915a0444b46856605c25930cb6b49082f4c381a2ac45d81",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 7897
    },
    {
      "pos": "conj",
      "glosses": [
        "and in addition"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "focus"
      ],
      "recordId": "8d9277f773198200ddfffc3f205ca51330cda45854cdb557e08280e9e7f245d0",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 7898
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
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}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot