Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adv
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAnother time: indicating a repeat of an action. · Back (to a former place or state). · Over and above a factor of one. · Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Germanic *in Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *ganganąder.? Proto-Germanic *gagin Proto-Germanic *in gagin Proto-West Germanic *in gagin Old English onġēan Middle English agayn English again From Middle English agayn, from Old English onġēan (“against, again”), from Proto-West Germanic *in gagin, from Proto-Germanic *in gagin. Cognate with German entgegen (“contrary to”), North Frisian ijen (“against”), Danish igen (“again”), Swedish igen (“again”), and Norwegian Bokmål igjen (“again”), and Icelandic í gegnum (“through”). By surface analysis, on- + gain (“against”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionagaynenm
- Inherited-form mentiononġēanang
- Inherited-form mention*in gagingmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*in gagingem-pro
- Cognate mentionentgegende · contrary to
- Cognate mentionijenfrr · against
- Cognate mentionigenda
- Cognate mentionigensv
- Cognate mentionigjennb
- Cognate mentioní gegnumis · through
This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:agayn",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Germanic *in\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *ganganąder.?\nProto-Germanic *gagin\nProto-Germanic *in gagin\nProto-West Germanic *in gagin\nOld English onġēan\nMiddle English agayn\nEnglish again\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*in\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵʰengʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ganganą\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*gagin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*in gagin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*in gagin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"prefix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"prefix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"prefix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ana-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ana-\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"on-\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"gem-pro\", \":der<unc>\", \"*ganganą\", \":afeq\", \"*ga-\", \"*-gin\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*gagin\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*gagin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġeġn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġean\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"onġēan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"agayn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"again\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"again\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "agayn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English agayn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "onġēan",
"4": "",
"5": "against, again"
},
"expansion": "Old English onġēan (“against, again”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*in gagin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *in gagin"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*in gagin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *in gagin"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "entgegen",
"t": "contrary to"
},
"expansion": "German entgegen (“contrary to”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ijen",
"t": "against"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian ijen (“against”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "igen",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Danish igen (“again”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "igen",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Swedish igen (“again”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "igjen",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål igjen (“again”)"
},
{
"name": ",",
"args": {},
"expansion": ","
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "í gegnum",
"t": "through"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic í gegnum (“through”)"
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "on-",
"3": "gain",
"t2": "against"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, on- + gain (“against”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:agayn",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Germanic *in\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *ganganąder.?\nProto-Germanic *gagin\nProto-Germanic *in gagin\nProto-West Germanic *in gagin\nOld English onġēan\nMiddle English agayn\nEnglish again"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁én",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én"
],
[
"*in",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/in"
],
[
"*ǵʰengʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰengʰ-"
],
[
"*ganganą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganganą"
],
[
"*gagin",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gagin"
],
[
"*in gagin",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/in gagin"
],
[
"*in gagin",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/in gagin"
],
[
"onġēan",
"ongean#Old_English"
],
[
"agayn",
"agayn#Middle_English"
],
[
"agayn",
"agayn#Middle_English"
],
[
"onġēan",
"ongean#Old_English"
],
[
"*in gagin",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/in gagin"
],
[
"*in gagin",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/in gagin"
],
[
"entgegen",
"entgegen#German"
],
[
"ijen",
"ijen#North_Frisian"
],
[
"igen",
"igen#Danish"
],
[
"igen",
"igen#Swedish"
],
[
"igjen",
"igjen#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"í gegnum",
"í gegnum#Icelandic"
],
[
"on-",
"on-#English"
],
[
"gain",
"gain#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "gen"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Another time: indicating a repeat of an action.",
"Back (to a former place or state).",
"Over and above a factor of one.",
"Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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