Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear. · Regretful, sorry; expressing a reluctance to face an unpleasant situation. · Worried about, feeling concern for, fearing for (someone or something).
From Middle English affrayed, affraied, past participle of afraien (“to affray”), from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”), from Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”), from es- (“out”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from Proto-Germanic *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). By surface analysis, affray + -ed. Compare also afeard. More at free, friend.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preyH-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affrayed"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affrayed"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "afrayer",
"t": "to terrify, disquiet, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "effreer"
},
"expansion": "Old French effreer"
},
{
"name": "pre",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "es",
"3": "freer",
"t1": "out",
"t2": "to secure, secure the peace",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "es- (“out”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*friþu",
"t": "security, peace"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"t": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frijōną",
"t": "to free; to love"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frijōną (“to free; to love”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prāy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prāy-"
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "affray#Verb",
"3": "-ed",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, affray + -ed"
}
],
"links": [
[
"affrayed",
"affrayed#Middle_English"
],
[
"affraied",
"affraied#Middle_English"
],
[
"afraien",
"afraien#Middle_English"
],
[
"afrayer",
"afrayer#Old_French"
],
[
"effreer",
"effreer#Old_French"
],
[
"esfreer",
"esfreer#Old_French"
],
[
"es-",
"es-#Old_French"
],
[
"freer",
"freer#Old_French"
],
[
"*friþu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/friþu"
],
[
"*friþuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/friþuz"
],
[
"*frijōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijōną"
],
[
"*prāy-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prāy-"
],
[
"*prēy-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prēy-"
],
[
"affray",
"affray#Verb"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed#English"
],
[
"afeard",
"afeard#English"
],
[
"free",
"free#English"
],
[
"friend",
"friend#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear.",
"Regretful, sorry; expressing a reluctance to face an unpleasant situation.",
"Worried about, feeling concern for, fearing for (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"predicative"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 173134
}
],
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}
}