Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗Continued dull pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. · Emotional suffering causing discomfort and physical pain.
To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed. · To cause someone or something to suffer pain.
Inherited from Middle English aken (verb), and ache (noun), from Old English acan (verb) (from Proto-West Germanic *akan, from Proto-Germanic *akaną (“to ache”)) and æċe (noun) (from Proto-West Germanic *aki, from Proto-Germanic *akiz), traditionally explained as from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂égos. Cognate with Saterland Frisian eeke, ääke (“to ache, fester”), Low German aken, achen, äken (“to hurt, ache”), German Low German Eek (“inflammation”), North Frisian akelig, æklig (“terrible, miserable, sharp, intense”), West Frisian aaklik (“nasty, horrible, dismal, dreary”), Dutch akelig (“nasty, horrible”). The verb was originally strong, conjugating for tense like take (e.g. I ake, I oke, I have aken), but gradually became weak during Middle English; the noun was originally pronounced as /eɪt͡ʃ/ as spelled (compare breach, from break). Historically the verb was spelled ake, and the noun ache (even after the form /eɪk/ started to become common for the noun; compare again break which is now also a noun). The verb came to be spelled like the noun when lexicographer Samuel Johnson mistakenly assumed that it derived from Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “pain”) due to the similarity in form and meaning of the two words.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionakenenm
- Inherited-form mentionacanang
- Inherited-form mention*akangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*akanągem-pro · to ache
- Inherited-form mention*akigmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*akizgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*h₂égosine-pro
- Cognate mentioneekestq
- Cognate mentionakennds
- Cognate mentionakeligfrr
- Cognate mentionaaklikfy · nasty, horrible, dismal, dreary
- Cognate mentionakelignl · nasty, horrible
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
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"name": "yesno",
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"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
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{
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"expansion": "Middle English aken (verb)"
},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
"name": "inh",
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"t": "to ache"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *akaną (“to ache”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aki"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*akiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *akiz"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂égos",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂égos"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "eeke"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian eeke"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "aken"
},
"expansion": "Low German aken"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Eek",
"t": "inflammation"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Eek (“inflammation”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "akelig"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian akelig"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "aaklik",
"t": "nasty, horrible, dismal, dreary"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian aaklik (“nasty, horrible, dismal, dreary”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "akelig",
"t": "nasty, horrible"
},
"expansion": "Dutch akelig (“nasty, horrible”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄχος",
"t": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “pain”)"
}
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"links": [
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"aken",
"aken#Middle_English"
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[
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[
"acan",
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[
"*akan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/akan"
],
[
"*akaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/akaną#Proto-Germanic:_ache"
],
[
"æċe",
"æce#Old_English"
],
[
"*aki",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/aki"
],
[
"*akiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/akiz"
],
[
"*h₂égos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂égos"
],
[
"eeke",
"eeke#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"ääke",
"ääke#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"aken",
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[
"achen",
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[
"äken",
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[
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[
"akelig",
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[
"æklig",
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[
"aaklik",
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],
[
"akelig",
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],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"breach",
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],
[
"break",
"break#English"
],
[
"ake",
"ake"
],
[
"break",
"break#English"
],
[
"ἄχος",
"ἄχος#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
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"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Continued dull pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain.",
"Emotional suffering causing discomfort and physical pain."
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"To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed.",
"To cause someone or something to suffer pain."
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