*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of actual

From Middle English actual, actuel (“active”), from Anglo-Norman actuel, actual, and its source Late Latin actuālis (“active, practical”), from Latin actus (“act, action, performance”), from agere (“to do; to act”) + -al

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

something actually received; real receipts, as distinct from estimated ones. · a radio callsign modifier that specifies the commanding officer of the unit or asset denoted by the remainder of the callsign and not the officer's assistant or other designee. · Reality, usually with the definite article.

adj

relating to a person's acts or deeds; active, practical · Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. · Physical rather than virtual. · in action at the time being; now existing; current.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English actual, actuel (“active”), from Anglo-Norman actuel, actual, and its source Late Latin actuālis (“active, practical”), from Latin actus (“act, action, performance”), from agere (“to do; to act”) + -alis (“-al”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ-. By surface analysis, act + -u- + -al.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*h₂eǵ-ine-pro
  • Derivation mentionactualenm
  • Derivation mentionactusla · act, action, performance
  • Derivation mention*h₂éǵetiine-pro

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂eǵ-",
        "id": "drive"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "actual"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English actual"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "actuel"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman actuel"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "actuālis",
        "t": "active, practical"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin actuālis (“active, practical”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "actus",
        "t": "act, action, performance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin actus (“act, action, performance”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
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        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂éǵeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti"
    },
    {
      "name": "surf",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "act",
        "3": "-u-",
        "4": "-al"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, act + -u- + -al"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "actual",
      "actual#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "actuel",
      "actuel#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "actuel",
      "actuel#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "actual",
      "actual#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "actuālis",
      "actualis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "actus",
      "actus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "agere",
      "ago#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-alis",
      "-alis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂éǵeti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éǵeti"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂eǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eǵ-"
    ],
    [
      "act",
      "act#English"
    ],
    [
      "-u-",
      "-u-#English"
    ],
    [
      "-al",
      "-al#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "something actually received; real receipts, as distinct from estimated ones.",
        "a radio callsign modifier that specifies the commanding officer of the unit or asset denoted by the remainder of the callsign and not the officer's assistant or other designee.",
        "Reality, usually with the definite article."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 172213
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "relating to a person's acts or deeds; active, practical",
        "Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact.",
        "Physical rather than virtual.",
        "in action at the time being; now existing; current."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
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      "rawRecordSha256": "99fd70197530e565425ee7d56bf10e57ea29ec1bfb233f39aec83f463135af53",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 172212
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for actual →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YWN0dWFs