Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. · To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop. · To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase.
From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base. There exist verb cognates in Gallo-Romance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*gʷem-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionabaishenenm
- Derivation mentionabaisserfrm
- Derivation mentionabaissierfro
- Cognate mentionesbahirfro
- Derivation mentionadla
- Derivation mention*h₂édine-pro
- Derivation mentionβᾰ́σῐςgrc
- Derivation mention*gʷem-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionabaixarca
- Cognate mentionabaissaroc
- Cognate mentionabajoes
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷem-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abaishen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abaishen"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "abaisser"
},
"expansion": "Middle French abaisser"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "abaissier"
},
"expansion": "Old French abaissier"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "esbahir",
"3": "",
"4": "to amaze"
},
"expansion": "Old French esbahir (“to amaze”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "abbassiāre",
"3": "",
"4": "to lower"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"4": "",
"5": "toward, to"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“toward, to”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd",
"4": "",
"5": "at, to"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "bassus",
"4": "",
"5": "short of stature, low; base"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βᾰ́σῐς",
"4": "",
"5": "foot; base, foundation"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs, “foot; base, foundation”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to step"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)"
},
{
"name": "prefix",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "base",
"gloss1": "towards"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + base"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "abaixar",
"3": "",
"4": "lower; abase"
},
"expansion": "Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "abaissar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan abaissar"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abajo",
"3": "",
"4": "down, downstairs; below"
},
"expansion": "Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"abaishen",
"abaishen#Middle_English"
],
[
"abashen",
"abashen#Middle_English"
],
[
"abaisse",
"abaisse#Middle_English"
],
[
"abassen",
"abassen#Middle_English"
],
[
"abesse",
"abesse#Middle_English"
],
[
"abessen",
"abessen#Middle_English"
],
[
"abaisser",
"abaisser#Middle_French"
],
[
"abaissier",
"abaissier#Old_French"
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[
"abessier",
"abessier#Old_French"
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[
"esbahir",
"esbahir#Old_French"
],
[
"abbassiāre",
"abbassiare#Latin"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#Old_French"
],
[
"ad",
"ad#Latin"
],
[
"*h₂éd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éd"
],
[
"baissier",
"baissier#Old_French"
],
[
"bassus",
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],
[
"βᾰ́σῐς",
"βάσις#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*gʷem-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-"
],
[
"base",
"base#English"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"base",
"base#English"
],
[
"abaixar",
"abaixar#Catalan"
],
[
"abaissar",
"abaissar#Occitan"
],
[
"abajo",
"abajo#Spanish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.",
"To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop.",
"To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"archaic",
"obsolete"
],
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