Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗prep
Of a person or thing: in the midst of and surrounded by (other people or things). · Associated with or living alongside (other people or things). · Belonging to (a group comprising similar people or things). · Distinct in some way from (other members of a group); specifically, superior or pre-eminent compared to (other members of a group).
adv
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAlong with (someone or something); together. · At the same time, all the while, meanwhile. · In addition, beside. · Chiefly with contrasting adjectives or adverbs: from time to time, now and then; also, here and there.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der. Proto-Germanic *an Proto-West Germanic *ana Old English on Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Germanic *ga- Proto-West Germanic *ga- Old English ġe- Old English mang Old English ġemang Old English onġemang Old English amang Middle English among English among The preposition is derived from Middle English among, amang, amange, amonge (“in the presence of, amid, among; in, within; between; during”), from Old English amang, onġemang (preposition), from on (“on, among, in”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on, onto”)) + ġemang (“crowd; mixture”, noun) (from ġe- (prefix forming nouns denoting association or similarity) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“beside, by; near; with”)) + mang- (from mængan, mengan (“to mingle, mix”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead; to press”))). By surface analysis, a- (prefix meaning ‘at; in; on’) + mong (“crowd, throng; group”). The adverb is derived from Middle English among, amang (“accompanied by, along with, by the side of, in association with, together; all the while, continually; also, besides; at the same time; from time to time, occasionally; meanwhile; within”), from Old English onġemang (adverb): see further above. cognates * Dutch mank, maank (“among”) * German mang (“among”) (dialectal) * German Low German mank, manken (“among”) * Saterland Frisian monk, monken (“among”) * West Frisian mank (“among”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₂en-ine-pro
- Root classification mention*menk-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionamongenm
- Inherited-form mentionamangang
- Inherited-form mention*h₂en-ine-pro · on, onto
- Inherited-form mention*ḱómine-pro · beside, by; near; with
- Inherited-form mention*menk-ine-pro · to knead; to press
- Inherited-form mentiononġemangang
- Cognate mentionmanknl
- Cognate mentionmangde · among
- Cognate mentionmonkstq
- Cognate mentionmankfy · among
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:among<id:mingling>",
"id": "mingling",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.\nProto-Germanic *an\nProto-West Germanic *ana\nOld English on\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nOld English mang\nOld English ġemang\nOld English onġemang\nOld English amang\nMiddle English among\nEnglish among\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂en-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*an\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ana\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"on\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"intensifier\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"intensifier\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"together\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġe-\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"id\" : \"?\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mang\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġemang\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"onġemang\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"amang\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"among\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"among\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"mingling\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"among\" id=\"English:_mingling\">"
},
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-",
"4": "*menk-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "preposition"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "among"
},
"expansion": "Middle English among"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "amang"
},
"expansion": "Old English amang"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-",
"t": "on, onto"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on, onto”)"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"t": "beside, by; near; with"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“beside, by; near; with”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*menk-",
"t": "to knead; to press"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead; to press”)"
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "mong",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘at; in; on’",
"t2": "crowd, throng; group"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, a- (prefix meaning ‘at; in; on’) + mong (“crowd, throng; group”)"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "adverb"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "among"
},
"expansion": "Middle English among"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "onġemang",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Old English onġemang (adverb)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates"
},
"expansion": "cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "mank"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mank"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "mang",
"t": "among"
},
"expansion": "German mang (“among”)"
},
{
"name": "qualifier",
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "mank"
},
"expansion": "German Low German mank"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "monk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian monk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "mank",
"t": "among"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian mank (“among”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:among<id:mingling>",
"id": "mingling",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.\nProto-Germanic *an\nProto-West Germanic *ana\nOld English on\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nOld English mang\nOld English ġemang\nOld English onġemang\nOld English amang\nMiddle English among\nEnglish among"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₂en-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂en-"
],
[
"*an",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an"
],
[
"*ana",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ana#Proto-West_Germanic:_on"
],
[
"on",
"on#Old_English"
],
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*ga-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-#Proto-Germanic:_together"
],
[
"*ga-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ga-#Proto-West_Germanic:_intensifier"
],
[
"ġe-",
"ge-#Old_English:_intensifier"
],
[
"mang",
"mang#Old_English:_?"
],
[
"ġemang",
"gemang#Old_English"
],
[
"onġemang",
"ongemang#Old_English:_among"
],
[
"amang",
"amang#Old_English:_among"
],
[
"among",
"among#Middle_English:_mingling"
],
[
"among",
"among#Middle_English"
],
[
"amang",
"amang#Middle_English"
],
[
"amange",
"amange#Middle_English"
],
[
"amonge",
"amonge#Middle_English"
],
[
"amang",
"amang#Old_English"
],
[
"onġemang",
"ongemang#Old_English"
],
[
"on",
"on#Old_English"
],
[
"*h₂en-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂en-"
],
[
"ġemang",
"gemang#Old_English"
],
[
"ġe-",
"ge-#Old_English"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm"
],
[
"mængan",
"mængan#Old_English"
],
[
"mengan",
"mengan#Old_English"
],
[
"*menk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/menk-"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"mong",
"mong#English"
],
[
"among",
"among#Middle_English"
],
[
"amang",
"amang#Middle_English"
],
[
"onġemang",
"ongemang#Old_English"
],
[
"mank",
"mank#Dutch"
],
[
"maank",
"maank#Dutch"
],
[
"mang",
"mang#German"
],
[
"mank",
"mank#Low_German"
],
[
"manken",
"manken#Low_German"
],
[
"monk",
"monk#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"monken",
"monken#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"mank",
"mank#West_Frisian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "prep",
"glosses": [
"Of a person or thing: in the midst of and surrounded by (other people or things).",
"Associated with or living alongside (other people or things).",
"Belonging to (a group comprising similar people or things).",
"Distinct in some way from (other members of a group); specifically, superior or pre-eminent compared to (other members of a group)."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 32978
},
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Along with (someone or something); together.",
"At the same time, all the while, meanwhile.",
"In addition, beside.",
"Chiefly with contrasting adjectives or adverbs: from time to time, now and then; also, here and there."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 32979
}
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"lexicalSenses": 5,
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}