*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of curve

Attested since the 1690s, from Latin curvus (“bent, curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, curve, turn”) + *-wós. Doublet of curb, shrink, carcer, and cancer.

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
adj

Bent without angles; crooked; curved.

verb

To bend; to crook. · To cause to swerve from a straight course. · To bend or turn gradually from a given direction. · To grade on a curve (bell curve of a normal distribution).

noun

A bend, such as in a road. · A simple figure containing no straight portions and no angles; a curved line. · A grading system based on the scale of performance of a group used to normalize a right-skewed grade distribution (with more lower scores) into a bell curve, so that more can receive higher grades, regardless of their actual knowledge of the subject. · A grading system where all raw scores are raised by a set number of points.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Attested since the 1690s, from Latin curvus (“bent, curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, curve, turn”) + *-wós. Doublet of curb, shrink, carcer, and cancer.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "la:curvus"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(s)kr̥wós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"turn\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)ker-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*korwos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"curvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"curve\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"curve\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "curvus",
        "t": "bent, curved"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin curvus (“bent, curved”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend, curve, turn",
        "id": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, curve, turn”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "curb",
        "3": "shrink",
        "4": "carcer",
        "5": "cancer"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of curb, shrink, carcer, and cancer"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "la:curvus"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "curvus",
      "curvus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*(s)ker-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)ker-#Proto-Indo-European:_turn"
    ],
    [
      "*-wós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós"
    ],
    [
      "curb",
      "curb#English"
    ],
    [
      "shrink",
      "shrink#English"
    ],
    [
      "carcer",
      "carcer#English"
    ],
    [
      "cancer",
      "cancer#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Bent without angles; crooked; curved."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To bend; to crook.",
        "To cause to swerve from a straight course.",
        "To bend or turn gradually from a given direction.",
        "To grade on a curve (bell curve of a normal distribution)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "intransitive"
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A bend, such as in a road.",
        "A simple figure containing no straight portions and no angles; a curved line.",
        "A grading system based on the scale of performance of a group used to normalize a right-skewed grade distribution (with more lower scores) into a bell curve, so that more can receive higher grades, regardless of their actual knowledge of the subject.",
        "A grading system where all raw scores are raised by a set number of points."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "nonstandard"
      ],
      "recordId": "8b53e886b99724caf23041d95aba1033591726529e6c593695512736a4428542",
      "rawRecordSha256": "0c0a5730ce607a6d2d353c0d55020c9a3dadef376ee247cb0b84351b06267c7b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 33612
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 6,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for curve →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Y3VydmU