Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To press forward; to advance by pushing. · To press together or collect in numbers. · To press or drive together, especially into a small space; to cram. · To fill by pressing or thronging together
A group of people congregated or collected into a close body without order. · Several things collected or closely pressed together; also, some things adjacent to each other. · The so-called lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar. · A group of people united or at least characterised by a common interest.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *grewt-der. Proto-Germanic *krūdaną Proto-West Germanic *krūdan Old English crūdan Middle English crouden English crowd From Middle English crouden, from Old English crūdan, from Proto-West Germanic *krūdan, from Proto-Germanic *krūdaną, *kreudaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *grewt- (“to push; press”). Cognate with German Low German kroden (“to push, shove”), Dutch kruien (“to push, shove”). (group of people, mob): Compare typologically throng (<<~ Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną); Czech dav (akin to Russian дави́ть (davítʹ), да́вка (dávka)); Polish ciżba, ścisk (<~ ciskać, akin to ти́скать (tískatʹ)); Polish tłok, Russian толчея́ (tolčejá) (akin to толка́ть (tolkátʹ)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:crouden",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nOld English crūdan\nMiddle English crouden\nEnglish crowd\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*grewt-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"root\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"crūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"crouden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"crowd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"crowd\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouden"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English crūdan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krūdan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krūdan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grewt-",
"t": "to push; press"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grewt- (“to push; press”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "kroden",
"t": "to push, shove"
},
"expansion": "German Low German kroden (“to push, shove”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kruien",
"t": "to push, shove"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruien (“to push, shove”)"
},
{
"name": "sense",
"args": {
"1": "group of people, mob"
},
"expansion": "(group of people, mob):"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þrinhwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "dav",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Czech dav"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дави́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian дави́ть (davítʹ)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciżba"
},
"expansion": "Polish ciżba"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tłok"
},
"expansion": "Polish tłok"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "толчея́"
},
"expansion": "Russian толчея́ (tolčejá)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:crouden",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nOld English crūdan\nMiddle English crouden\nEnglish crowd"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*grewt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/grewt-"
],
[
"*krūdaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūdaną"
],
[
"*krūdan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan"
],
[
"crūdan",
"crudan#Old_English"
],
[
"crouden",
"crouden#Middle_English"
],
[
"crouden",
"crouden#Middle_English"
],
[
"crūdan",
"crudan#Old_English"
],
[
"*krūdan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan"
],
[
"*krūdaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūdaną"
],
[
"*kreudaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kreudaną"
],
[
"*grewt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/grewt-"
],
[
"kroden",
"kroden#Low_German"
],
[
"kruien",
"kruien#Dutch"
],
[
"throng",
"throng#English"
],
[
"*þrinhwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrinhwaną"
],
[
"dav",
"dav#Czech"
],
[
"дави́ть",
"давить#Russian"
],
[
"да́вка",
"давка#Russian"
],
[
"ciżba",
"ciżba#Polish"
],
[
"ścisk",
"ścisk#Polish"
],
[
"ciskać",
"ciskać#Polish"
],
[
"ти́скать",
"тискать#Russian"
],
[
"tłok",
"tłok#Polish"
],
[
"толчея́",
"толчея#Russian"
],
[
"толка́ть",
"толкать#Russian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To press forward; to advance by pushing.",
"To press together or collect in numbers.",
"To press or drive together, especially into a small space; to cram.",
"To fill by pressing or thronging together"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A group of people congregated or collected into a close body without order.",
"Several things collected or closely pressed together; also, some things adjacent to each other.",
"The so-called lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar.",
"A group of people united or at least characterised by a common interest."
],
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