Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other. · Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross. · A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion). · Alternative letter-case form of Cross (“the Crucifix, the cross on which Christ was crucified”).
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.? Proto-Italic *kruks /*krukis Latin cruxbor. Old Irish crosbor. Old Norse krossbor. Old English cros Middle English cross English cross From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), from Old Norse kross, from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (crucī). In this sense displaced native Middle English rode, from Old English rōd (“cross”); see English rood. Doublet of crouch (“cross”) and crux. Compare Welsh croes, Irish crois. The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century. Cognates *Icelandic kross (“cross”) *Faroese krossur (“cross”) *Norwegian Nynorsk kross, kors (“cross”) *Danish kors (“cross”) *Swedish kors (“cross”) *North Frisian kross, korss (“cross”) *Saterland Frisian Krjuus, Kjus (“cross”) *West Frisian krús (“cross”) *Dutch kruis (“cross”) *German Low German Krüüz (“cross”) *German Kreuz (“cross”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncrossenm
- Inherited-form mentioncrosang · rood, cross
- Derivation mentionkrossnon
- Derivation mentioncrossga
- Derivation mentioncruxla
- Cognate mentionrodeenm
- Cognate mentionrōdang · cross
- Cognate mentioncroescy
- Cognate mentioncroisga
- Cognate mentionkrossis · cross
- Cognate mentionkrossurfo · cross
- Cognate mentionkrossnn
- Cognate mentionkorsda · cross
- Cognate mentionkorssv · cross
- Cognate mentionkrossfrr
- Cognate mentionKrjuusstq
- Cognate mentionkrúsfy · cross
- Cognate mentionkruisnl · cross
- Cognate mentionKreuzde · cross
This page abbreviates 20 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cross",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.?\nProto-Italic *kruks /*krukis\nLatin cruxbor.\nOld Irish crosbor.\nOld Norse krossbor.\nOld English cros\nMiddle English cross\nEnglish cross\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kruks\\/\\/*krukis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"turn\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)ker-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"crux\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Irish\", \"term\" : \"cros\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sga\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"kross\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cros\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cross\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cross\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cross\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cross"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cros",
"t": "rood, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English cros (“rood, cross”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kross"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kross"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cros"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crux"
},
"expansion": "Latin crux"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rode"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rode"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rōd",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōd (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rood"
},
"expansion": "English rood"
},
{
"name": "dbt",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crouch",
"3": "crux",
"t1": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crouch (“cross”) and crux"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "croes"
},
"expansion": "Welsh croes"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "crois"
},
"expansion": "Irish crois"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kross",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kross (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "krossur",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Faroese krossur (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kross"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk kross"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kors",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Danish kors (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kors",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kors (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kross"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kross"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Krjuus"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Krjuus"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krús",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian krús (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kruis",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruis (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Krüüz",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Krüüz (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kreuz",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "German Kreuz (“cross”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cross",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.?\nProto-Italic *kruks /*krukis\nLatin cruxbor.\nOld Irish crosbor.\nOld Norse krossbor.\nOld English cros\nMiddle English cross\nEnglish cross"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*(s)ker-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)ker-#Proto-Indo-European:_turn"
],
[
"crux",
"crux#Latin"
],
[
"cros",
"cros#Old_Irish"
],
[
"kross",
"kross#Old_Norse"
],
[
"cros",
"cros#Old_English"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#Middle_English"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#Middle_English"
],
[
"cros",
"cros#Middle_English"
],
[
"cros",
"cros#Old_English"
],
[
"kross",
"kross#Old_Norse"
],
[
"cros",
"cros#Old_Irish"
],
[
"crux",
"crux#Latin"
],
[
"crucī",
"cruci#Latin"
],
[
"rode",
"rode#Middle_English"
],
[
"rōd",
"rod#Old_English"
],
[
"rood",
"rood#English"
],
[
"crouch",
"crouch#English"
],
[
"crux",
"crux#English"
],
[
"croes",
"croes#Welsh"
],
[
"crois",
"crois#Irish"
],
[
"kross",
"kross#Icelandic"
],
[
"krossur",
"krossur#Faroese"
],
[
"kross",
"kross#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"kors",
"kors#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"kors",
"kors#Danish"
],
[
"kors",
"kors#Swedish"
],
[
"kross",
"kross#North_Frisian"
],
[
"korss",
"korss#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Krjuus",
"Krjuus#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Kjus",
"Kjus#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"krús",
"krús#West_Frisian"
],
[
"kruis",
"kruis#Dutch"
],
[
"Krüüz",
"Krüüz#Low_German"
],
[
"Kreuz",
"Kreuz#German"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "クロス",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kurosu"
},
{
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"word": "kolosi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kolosi"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.",
"Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.",
"A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).",
"Alternative letter-case form of Cross (“the Crucifix, the cross on which Christ was crucified”)."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of"
],
"recordId": "39084561f8d6e19450e0e442c1cfe1b9610cb16d33696c43cb44bd55a6f47238",
"rawRecordSha256": "a77aca44cfabcacaccf91943eb39b01d521140e5f64f6efcb4e1c3fa6a64a435",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 151367
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 20,
"glosses": 0
}
}