Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A bend; turn; curve; curvature; a flexure. · A bending of the knee; a genuflection. · A bent or curved part; a curving piece or portion (of anything). · A person who steals, lies, cheats, or does other dishonest or illegal things; a criminal; a scoundrel, scofflaw, lawbreaker, rogue, or miscreant.
From Middle English croke, crok, from Old English *crōc (“hook, bend, crook”), from Proto-West Germanic *krōk, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“bend, hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greg- (“tracery, basket, bend”). Cognate with Dutch kreuk (“a bend, fold, wrinkle”), Middle Low German kroke, krake (“fold, wrinkle”), Danish krog (“crook, hook”), Swedish krok (“crook, hook”), Icelandic krókur (“hook”). Compare typologically Czech křivák (< křivý < Proto-Slavic *krivъ, whence also *krivьda).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "croke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English croke"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crōc",
"t": "hook, bend, crook"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crōc (“hook, bend, crook”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krōk"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz",
"4": "",
"5": "bend, hook"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“bend, hook”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greg-",
"4": "",
"5": "tracery, basket, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greg- (“tracery, basket, bend”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kreuk",
"3": "",
"4": "a bend, fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kreuk (“a bend, fold, wrinkle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kroke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kroke"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krog",
"3": "",
"4": "crook, hook"
},
"expansion": "Danish krog (“crook, hook”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "krok",
"3": "",
"4": "crook, hook"
},
"expansion": "Swedish krok (“crook, hook”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "krókur",
"3": "",
"4": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic krókur (“hook”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "křivák"
},
"expansion": "Czech křivák"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krivъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krivъ"
}
],
"links": [
[
"croke",
"croke#Middle_English"
],
[
"crok",
"crok#Middle_English"
],
[
"*crōc",
"Reconstruction:Old English/croc"
],
[
"*krōk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krōk"
],
[
"*krōkaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krōkaz"
],
[
"*greg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/greg-"
],
[
"kreuk",
"kreuk#Dutch"
],
[
"kroke",
"kroke#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"krake",
"krake#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"krog",
"krog#Danish"
],
[
"krok",
"krok#Swedish"
],
[
"krókur",
"krókur#Icelandic"
],
[
"křivák",
"křivák#Czech"
],
[
"křivý",
"křivý#Czech"
],
[
"*krivъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krivъ"
],
[
"*krivьda",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krivьda"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A bend; turn; curve; curvature; a flexure.",
"A bending of the knee; a genuflection.",
"A bent or curved part; a curving piece or portion (of anything).",
"A person who steals, lies, cheats, or does other dishonest or illegal things; a criminal; a scoundrel, scofflaw, lawbreaker, rogue, or miscreant."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 148690
}
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