*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of croak

From Middle English *croken, crouken, (also represented by craken > crake), back-formation from Old English crācettan (“to croak”) (also in derivative crǣcetung (“croaking”)), from Proto-Germanic *krēk-, from Proto-Indo-

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To make a croak sound. · To utter in a low, hoarse voice. · To make its vocal sound. · To die.

noun

A faint, harsh sound made in the throat. · The call of a frog or toad. · The harsh call of various birds, such as the raven or corncrake, or other creatures.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English *croken, crouken, (also represented by craken > crake), back-formation from Old English crācettan (“to croak”) (also in derivative crǣcetung (“croaking”)), from Proto-Germanic *krēk-, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-g-, from *greh₂-k-, of onomatopoeic origin. See also Swedish kråka, German krächzen, Sanskrit गर्जति (garjati, “to growl”); also compare Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), Serbo-Croatian grákati. More at crack, crake and craic.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*croken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *croken"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "crācettan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to croak"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English crācettan (“to croak”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krēk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krēk-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-g-"
    },
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      "name": "onomatopoeic",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "kråka"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish kråka"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "krächzen"
      },
      "expansion": "German krächzen"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "गर्जति",
        "t": "to growl"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit गर्जति (garjati, “to growl”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
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        "2": "grāculus",
        "3": "",
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      },
      "expansion": "Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "grákati"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian grákati"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*croken",
      "Reconstruction:Middle English/croken"
    ],
    [
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      "crouken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "craken",
      "craken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "crake",
      "crake#English"
    ],
    [
      "crācettan",
      "cracettan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "crǣcetung",
      "cræcetung#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*krēk-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krēk-"
    ],
    [
      "*greh₂-g-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerh₂-"
    ],
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      "kråka",
      "kråka#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "krächzen",
      "krächzen#German"
    ],
    [
      "गर्जति",
      "गर्जति#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "grāculus",
      "graculus#Latin"
    ],
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      "grákati",
      "grakati#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "crack",
      "crack#English"
    ],
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      "crake",
      "crake#English"
    ],
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      "craic",
      "craic#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To make a croak sound.",
        "To utter in a low, hoarse voice.",
        "To make its vocal sound.",
        "To die."
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    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A faint, harsh sound made in the throat.",
        "The call of a frog or toad.",
        "The harsh call of various birds, such as the raven or corncrake, or other creatures."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for croak →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Y3JvYWs