Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗The stomach of an animal. · The crop of a bird.
To caw, crow.
Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Old Norse *kravi (“neck, collar, gullet, crop of a bird”), of unclear origin (potentially cognate to crop), but historically a variation of kragi, the Norse analog of English crag. If craw and crag are cognates, then ultimately deriving from Proto-Germanic *kragô or Proto-West Germanic *kragō (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”). The root appears to be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”), though the identity and meaning of the suffix is unclear. Compare Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”). Other Germanic cognates include Swedish kräva (“crop of a bird”), Danish krave (“collar, crop of a bird”); Dutch kraag, Middle Dutch crāghe, Old Dutch kraga; German Kragen, Middle Low German krage, Middle High German krage, Old High German krago (“collar, neck”). See also crag (Etymology 2).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Borrowed-form mention*kravinon
- Cognate mentioncragen
- Derivation mention*kragôgem-pro
- Derivation mention*kragōgmw-pro
- Cognate mention*brāgantscel-pro · throat, gullet
- Cognate mentionβρόχθοςgrc · throat
- Derivation mention*gʷerh₃-ine-pro · to swallow, devour
- Cognate mentiongurgesla
- Cognate mentionkrävasv
- Cognate mentionkraveda
- Cognate mentionkraagnl
- Cognate mentioncrāghedum
- Cognate mentionkragaodt
- Cognate mentionKragende
- Cognate mentionkragegml
- Cognate mentionkragegmh
- Cognate mentionkragogoh · collar, neck
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "*kravi",
"4": "",
"5": "neck, collar, gullet, crop of a bird"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *kravi (“neck, collar, gullet, crop of a bird”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"1": "en",
"2": "crag"
},
"expansion": "English crag"
},
{
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},
{
"name": "der",
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"3": "*kragō",
"4": "",
"5": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kragō (“throat”)"
},
{
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},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brāgants",
"t": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“throat, gullet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρόχθος",
"t": "throat"
},
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},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷerh₃-",
"t": "to swallow, devour"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gurges",
"3": "",
"4": "gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy"
},
"expansion": "Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kräva",
"3": "",
"4": "crop of a bird"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kräva (“crop of a bird”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krave",
"3": "",
"4": "collar, crop of a bird"
},
"expansion": "Danish krave (“collar, crop of a bird”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraag"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crāghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāghe"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "kraga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kraga"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kragen"
},
"expansion": "German Kragen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "krage"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German krage"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "krage"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German krage"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krago",
"t": "collar, neck"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krago (“collar, neck”)"
}
],
"links": [
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"craue",
"craue#Middle_English"
],
[
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[
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],
[
"kragi",
"kragi#Old_Norse"
],
[
"crag",
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],
[
"*kragô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kragô"
],
[
"*kragō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kragō"
],
[
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],
[
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[
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"krave",
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[
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],
[
"crāghe",
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],
[
"kraga",
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],
[
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],
[
"krage",
"krage#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"krage",
"krage#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"krago",
"krago#Old_High_German"
],
[
"crag",
"crag#Etymology 2"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The stomach of an animal.",
"The crop of a bird."
],
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{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To caw, crow."
],
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