Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA thin and usually jagged space opened in a previously solid material. · A narrow opening. · A sharply humorous comment; a wisecrack. · A flaw, weakness, setback, or insecurity.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- Proto-Indo-European *gerg-der. Proto-West Germanic *krakōn Old English cracian Middle English crakken English crack From Middle English crakken, craken, from Old English cracian (“to resound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn (“to crack, crackle, shriek”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to resound, cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Scots crak (“to crack”), West Frisian kreakje (“to crack”), Dutch kraken (“to crunch, creak, squeak”), Low German kraken (“to crack”), German krachen (“to crash, crack, creak”), Lithuanian gi̇̀rgžděti (“to creak, squeak”), Old Armenian կարկաչ (karkačʻ), Sanskrit गर्जति (gárjati, “to roar, hum”). Compare typologically English crevice (<< Latin crepō), Bulgarian пукнатина (puknatina) (akin to пу́кам (púkam)), Russian тре́щина (tréščina) (akin to треск (tresk)), щель (ščelʹ) (akin to щёлкать (ščólkatʹ)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncrakkenenm
- Inherited-form mentioncracianang
- Inherited-form mention*krakōngmw-pro · to crack, crackle, shriek
- Derivation mention*gerh₂-ine-pro
- Cognate mentioncraksco
- Cognate mentionkreakjefy
- Cognate mentionkrakennl
- Cognate mentionkrakennds
- Cognate mentionkrachende
- Cognate mentiongìrgždětilt
- Cognate mentionկարկաչxcl
- Cognate mentionगर्जतिsa
This page abbreviates 23 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:crakken<id:to form cracks><ety:inh<ang:cracian>>",
"id": "to form cracks",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *gerg-der.\nProto-West Germanic *krakōn\nOld English cracian\nMiddle English crakken\nEnglish crack\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerg-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krakōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cracian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"crakken\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"crack\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to form cracks\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"crack\" id=\"English:_to_form_cracks\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"3": "crakken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crakken"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cracian",
"4": "",
"5": "to resound, crack"
},
"expansion": "Old English cracian (“to resound, crack”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krakōn",
"t": "to crack, crackle, shriek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krakōn (“to crack, crackle, shriek”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerh₂-",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to resound, cry hoarsely”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crak",
"3": "",
"4": "to crack"
},
"expansion": "Scots crak (“to crack”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kreakje",
"3": "",
"4": "to crack"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kreakje (“to crack”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraken",
"3": "",
"4": "to crunch, creak, squeak"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraken (“to crunch, creak, squeak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "kraken",
"3": "",
"4": "to crack"
},
"expansion": "Low German kraken (“to crack”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "krachen",
"3": "",
"4": "to crash, crack, creak"
},
"expansion": "German krachen (“to crash, crack, creak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gìrgžděti",
"3": "",
"4": "to creak, squeak"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gi̇̀rgžděti (“to creak, squeak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կարկաչ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կարկաչ (karkačʻ)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गर्जति",
"3": "",
"4": "to roar, hum",
"tr": "gárjati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गर्जति (gárjati, “to roar, hum”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crevice"
},
"expansion": "English crevice"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crepō"
},
"expansion": "Latin crepō"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пукнатина"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian пукнатина (puknatina)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тре́щина"
},
"expansion": "Russian тре́щина (tréščina)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
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"id": "to form cracks",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *gerg-der.\nProto-West Germanic *krakōn\nOld English cracian\nMiddle English crakken\nEnglish crack"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*gerh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerh₂-"
],
[
"*gerg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerg-"
],
[
"*krakōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krakōn"
],
[
"cracian",
"cracian#Old_English"
],
[
"crakken",
"crakken#Middle_English:_to_form_cracks"
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[
"crakken",
"crakken#Middle_English"
],
[
"craken",
"craken#Middle_English"
],
[
"cracian",
"cracian#Old_English"
],
[
"*krakōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krakōn"
],
[
"*gerh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerh₂-"
],
[
"crak",
"crak#Scots"
],
[
"kreakje",
"kreakje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"kraken",
"kraken#Dutch"
],
[
"kraken",
"kraken#Low_German"
],
[
"krachen",
"krachen#German"
],
[
"gi̇̀rgžděti",
"girgžděti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"կարկաչ",
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],
[
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[
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],
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"пукнатина",
"пукнатина#Bulgarian"
],
[
"пу́кам",
"пукам#Bulgarian"
],
[
"тре́щина",
"трещина#Russian"
],
[
"треск",
"треск#Russian"
],
[
"щель",
"щель#Russian"
],
[
"щёлкать",
"щёлкать#Russian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "crack",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "crack",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A thin and usually jagged space opened in a previously solid material.",
"A narrow opening.",
"A sharply humorous comment; a wisecrack.",
"A flaw, weakness, setback, or insecurity."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"figuratively",
"slang",
"uncommon"
],
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