Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗To shed tears; to weep, especially in anger or sadness. · To utter loudly; to call out; to declare publicly. · To shout, scream, yell. · To forcefully attract attention or proclaim one’s presence.
The verb is from Middle English crien (13th century), from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre, generally thought to derive from Classical Latin quirītāre (Proto-West Germanic *krītan has also been suggested as a source). The noun corresponds to Middle English cry, crie, from Old French cri, a deverbal of crier. etymology note Middle English crien eventually displaced native Middle English galen (“to cry out”) (from Old English galan), Middle English greden (“to cry out”) (from Old English grǣdan), Middle English yermen (“to bellow, mourn, lament”) (from Old English ġierman), Middle English hooen, hoen (“to cry out”) (from Old Norse hóa), Middle English remen (“to cry, shout”) (from Old English hrīeman, compare Old English hrēam (“noise, outcry, lamentation, alarm”)), Middle English greten, graten (“to weep, cry, lament”) (from Old English grǣtan and Old Norse gráta). More at greet, regret. Already in the 13th century, the meaning was extended to include the sense "to shed tears" (natively weep); cry used in this sense had mostly replaced weep by the 16th century.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncrienenm
- Derivation mentioncrierfro
- Inherited-form mentioncryenm
- Derivation mentioncrifro
- Cognate mentioncrienenm
- Cognate mentiongalenenm
- Cognate mentiongalanang
- Cognate mentiongredenenm
- Cognate mentiongrǣdanang
- Cognate mentionyermenenm
- Cognate mentionġiermanang
- Cognate mentionhoenenm
- Cognate mentionhóanon
- Cognate mentionremenenm
- Cognate mentionhrīemanang
- Cognate mentionhrēamang
- Cognate mentiongretanenm
- Cognate mentiongrǣtanang
- Cognate mentiongrátanon
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crien"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier"
},
"expansion": "Old French crier"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*crītāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crītāre"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "la-cla",
"2": "quirito",
"3": "quirītāre"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin quirītāre"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*krītan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krītan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cry"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cry"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cri"
},
"expansion": "Old French cri"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "etymology note"
},
"expansion": "etymology note"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crien"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "galen",
"3": "",
"4": "to cry out"
},
"expansion": "Middle English galen (“to cry out”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "galan"
},
"expansion": "Old English galan"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "greden",
"3": "",
"4": "to cry out"
},
"expansion": "Middle English greden (“to cry out”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grǣdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grǣdan"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "yermen",
"3": "",
"4": "to bellow, mourn, lament"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yermen (“to bellow, mourn, lament”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġierman"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġierman"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoen",
"3": "hooen, hoen",
"4": "to cry out"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hooen, hoen (“to cry out”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hóa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hóa"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "remen",
"3": "",
"4": "to cry, shout"
},
"expansion": "Middle English remen (“to cry, shout”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrīeman"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrīeman"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēam",
"3": "",
"4": "noise, outcry, lamentation, alarm"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēam (“noise, outcry, lamentation, alarm”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gretan",
"3": "greten, graten",
"4": "to weep, cry, lament"
},
"expansion": "Middle English greten, graten (“to weep, cry, lament”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grǣtan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grǣtan"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gráta"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gráta"
}
],
"links": [
[
"crien",
"crien#Middle_English"
],
[
"crier",
"crier#Old_French"
],
[
"*crītāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/critare"
],
[
"quirītāre",
"quirito#Latin"
],
[
"*krītan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krītan"
],
[
"cry",
"cry#Middle_English"
],
[
"crie",
"crie#Middle_English"
],
[
"cri",
"cri#Old_French"
],
[
"crier",
"crier#Old_French"
],
[
"crien",
"crien#Middle_English"
],
[
"galen",
"galen#Middle_English"
],
[
"galan",
"galan#Old_English"
],
[
"greden",
"greden#Middle_English"
],
[
"grǣdan",
"grædan#Old_English"
],
[
"yermen",
"yermen#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġierman",
"gierman#Old_English"
],
[
"hooen, hoen",
"hoen#Middle_English"
],
[
"hóa",
"hóa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"remen",
"remen#Middle_English"
],
[
"hrīeman",
"hrieman#Old_English"
],
[
"hrēam",
"hream#Old_English"
],
[
"greten, graten",
"gretan#Middle_English"
],
[
"grǣtan",
"grætan#Old_English"
],
[
"gráta",
"gráta#Old_Norse"
],
[
"greet",
"greet#English"
],
[
"regret",
"regret#English"
],
[
"weep",
"weep#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "krei"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To shed tears; to weep, especially in anger or sadness.",
"To utter loudly; to call out; to declare publicly.",
"To shout, scream, yell.",
"To forcefully attract attention or proclaim one’s presence."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive",
"ambitransitive",
"figuratively"
],
"recordId": "2b886fd3b2abd2161ca02cd27446478d88191be587e8641ff7c2954be03dbb7b",
"rawRecordSha256": "6717ad7322eaf8cbba42d18d0feae18fef5de80ab91c74b2c428078308a3bcf6",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 23130
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 4,
"glosses": 0
}
}