Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed. · To obstruct or block. · To become denser or more crowded with objects. · To make or become unreceptive.
An end or conclusion. · The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction. · The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy. · A grapple in wrestling.
From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudō (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō), κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ) (via ключ (ključ)), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*(s)kleh₂w-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionclosenenm
- Inherited-form mentionclusenenm · to close
- Inherited-form mentionclȳsanang
- Inherited-form mentionclosenm · close, shut up, confined, secret
- Derivation mentionclosfro
- Derivation mentionclaususla
- Derivation mention*kleh₂w-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionclāvisla
- Cognate mentionκλείωgrc
- Cognate mentionзаключи́тьru
- Cognate mentionschließende
- Cognate mentionsluitennl
- Cognate mentionlūcanang
This page abbreviates 21 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kleh₂w-"
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},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "closen",
"4": "",
"5": "to close, enclose"
},
"expansion": "Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "clusen",
"t": "to close"
},
"expansion": "Middle English clusen (“to close”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clȳsan",
"4": "",
"5": "to close, shut"
},
"expansion": "Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "clos",
"pos": "a",
"t": "close, shut up, confined, secret"
},
"expansion": "Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "clos",
"4": "",
"5": "close, confined",
"pos": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "clausus",
"4": "",
"5": "shut up",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kleh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "key, hook, nail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clāvis",
"3": "",
"4": "key, deadbolt, bar"
},
"expansion": "Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλείω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "заключи́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schließen",
"3": "",
"4": "to close, conclude, lock"
},
"expansion": "German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sluiten",
"3": "",
"4": "to close, conclude, lock"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lūcan",
"3": "",
"4": "to close, lock, enclose"
},
"expansion": "Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"closen",
"closen#Middle_English"
],
[
"clusen",
"clusen#Middle_English"
],
[
"clȳsan",
"clysan#Old_English"
],
[
"beclose",
"beclose#English"
],
[
"foreclose",
"foreclose#English"
],
[
"clos",
"clos#Middle_English"
],
[
"clos",
"clos#Old_French"
],
[
"clausus",
"clausus#Latin"
],
[
"claudō",
"claudo#Latin"
],
[
"*kleh₂w-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kleh₂w-"
],
[
"clāvis",
"clavis#Latin"
],
[
"clāvus",
"clavus#Latin"
],
[
"claustrum",
"claustrum#Latin"
],
[
"claustra",
"claustra#Latin"
],
[
"κλείω",
"κλείω#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κλείς",
"κλείς#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"заключи́ть",
"заключить#Russian"
],
[
"ключ",
"ключ#Russian"
],
[
"schließen",
"schließen#German"
],
[
"sluiten",
"sluiten#Dutch"
],
[
"lūcan",
"lucan#Old_English"
],
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.",
"To obstruct or block.",
"To become denser or more crowded with objects.",
"To make or become unreceptive."
],
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"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An end or conclusion.",
"The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.",
"The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy.",
"A grapple in wrestling."
],
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