Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion. · Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner; avoiding displays of hostility. · In a peaceful and well-ordered state. · Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.
From Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”) ultimately from proto-Indo-European *ḱey-. Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird. (polite): Compare typologically urbane (<< Latin urbs), courteous (akin to court).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cyvyl"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cyvyl"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "civil"
},
"expansion": "Old French civil"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cīvīlis",
"t": "relating to a citizen"
},
"expansion": "Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hīwen",
"t": "household"
},
"expansion": "Old English hīwen (“household”)"
},
{
"name": "sense",
"args": {
"1": "polite"
},
"expansion": "(polite):"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "urbs"
},
"expansion": "Latin urbs"
}
],
"links": [
[
"cyvyl",
"cyvyl#Middle_English"
],
[
"civil",
"civil#Middle_English"
],
[
"civil",
"civil#Old_French"
],
[
"cīvīlis",
"civilis#Latin"
],
[
"cīvis",
"civis#Latin"
],
[
"*ḱey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱey-"
],
[
"hīwen",
"hiwen#Old_English"
],
[
"hīrǣden",
"hiræden#Old_English"
],
[
"hind",
"hind#Etymology 3"
],
[
"hird",
"hird#English"
],
[
"urbane",
"urbane#English"
],
[
"urbs",
"urbs#Latin"
],
[
"courteous",
"courteous#English"
],
[
"court",
"court#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang_code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "シビル",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "shibiru"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.",
"Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner; avoiding displays of hostility.",
"In a peaceful and well-ordered state.",
"Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"comparable",
"archaic"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 19988
}
],
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}