Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed. · To grind, tear, or otherwise degrade or demolish something with teeth or as with teeth. · The condition of something being torn or ground up mechanically. · To think about something; to ponder; to chew over.
From Middle English chewen, from Old English ċēowan, from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-. Cognate with West Frisian kôgje, Low German käwwen, Dutch kauwen, German kauen; also Latin gingīva (“gums”), Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”), Polish żuć (“to chew”), Persian جویدن (javidan), Pashto ژُوَل (žovạl, “to bite, gnaw”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*ǵyewh₁-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionchewenenm
- Inherited-form mentionċēowanang
- Inherited-form mention*keuwangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kewwanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*ǵyewh₁-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionkôgjefy
- Cognate mentionkäwwennds
- Cognate mentionkauwennl
- Cognate mentionkauende
- Cognate mentiongingīvala
- Cognate mentionśuwaṃtxb
- Cognate mentionżućpl
- Cognate mentionجویدنfa
- Cognate mentionژُوَلps · to bite, gnaw
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵyewh₁-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chewen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēowan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēowan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*keuwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keuwan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kewwaną"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵyewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kôgje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kôgje"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "käwwen"
},
"expansion": "Low German käwwen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauwen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kauen"
},
"expansion": "German kauen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gingīva",
"3": "",
"4": "gums"
},
"expansion": "Latin gingīva (“gums”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "śuwaṃ",
"3": "",
"4": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "żuć",
"3": "",
"4": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "Polish żuć (“to chew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "جویدن",
"tr": "javidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian جویدن (javidan)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "ژُوَل",
"tr": "žovạl",
"t": "to bite, gnaw"
},
"expansion": "Pashto ژُوَل (žovạl, “to bite, gnaw”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"chewen",
"chewen#Middle_English"
],
[
"ċēowan",
"ceowan#Old_English"
],
[
"*keuwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/keuwan"
],
[
"*kewwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kewwaną"
],
[
"*ǵyewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵyewh₁-"
],
[
"kôgje",
"kôgje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"käwwen",
"käwwen#Low_German"
],
[
"kauwen",
"kauwen#Dutch"
],
[
"kauen",
"kauen#German"
],
[
"gingīva",
"gingiva#Latin"
],
[
"śuwaṃ",
"śuwaṃ#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"żuć",
"żuć#Polish"
],
[
"جویدن",
"جویدن#Persian"
],
[
"ژُوَل",
"ژول#Pashto"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "tschaae",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed.",
"To grind, tear, or otherwise degrade or demolish something with teeth or as with teeth.",
"The condition of something being torn or ground up mechanically.",
"To think about something; to ponder; to chew over."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "d4efd0191f972c5a418a8a06cbde8b5cfe9d8425c6ce81dc55639340b172be27",
"rawRecordSha256": "21eb40241e0bec52247f2a7b721507fc318990dfe1e0463ee51256b31bfe1957",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 179917
}
],
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