Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm. · To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate. · To fret and wear by rubbing. · To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryHeat excited by friction. · Injury or wear caused by friction. · Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *kalēō Latin caleō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin calefaciō Classical Latin calfaciō Vulgar Latin *calfō Old French chauferbor. Middle English chaufen English chafe Inherited from Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:chaufen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nLatin calefaciō\nClassical Latin calfaciō\nVulgar Latin *calfō\nOld French chauferbor.\nMiddle English chaufen\nEnglish chafe\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to warm\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱleh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θakjō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰh₁kyéti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁k-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fakjō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"faciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calefaciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Latin\", \"term\" : \"calfaciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-cla\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*calfō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chaufer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"chaufen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"chafe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"chafe\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaufen",
"4": "",
"5": "to warm",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaufen (“to warm”)"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaufen",
"4": "",
"5": "to warm"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English chaufen (“to warm”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chaufer",
"ng": "modern French <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">chauffer</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calefaciō",
"4": "calefacere"
},
"expansion": "Latin calefacere"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:chaufen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nLatin calefaciō\nClassical Latin calfaciō\nVulgar Latin *calfō\nOld French chauferbor.\nMiddle English chaufen\nEnglish chafe"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱleh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱleh₁-"
],
[
"*-éh₁ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₁ti"
],
[
"*kalēō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kalēō"
],
[
"caleō",
"caleo#Latin"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁k-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁k-"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti"
],
[
"*fakjō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fakjō#Proto-Italic:_to_make"
],
[
"faciō",
"facio#Latin"
],
[
"calefaciō",
"calefacio#Latin"
],
[
"calfaciō",
"calfacio#Latin"
],
[
"*calfō",
"Reconstruction:Latin/calfo"
],
[
"chaufer",
"chaufer#Old_French"
],
[
"chaufen",
"chaufen#Middle_English"
],
[
"chaufen",
"chaufen#Middle_English"
],
[
"chaufer",
"chaufer#Old_French"
],
[
"chauffer",
"chauffer#French"
],
[
"calefacere",
"calefacio#Latin"
],
[
"calfacere",
"calfacio#Latin"
],
[
"calere",
"caleo#Latin"
],
[
"facere",
"facio#Latin"
],
[
"caldron",
"caldron#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm.",
"To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate.",
"To fret and wear by rubbing.",
"To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 235391
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Heat excited by friction.",
"Injury or wear caused by friction.",
"Vexation; irritation of mind; rage."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"archaic"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 235390
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 2,
"glosses": 0
}
}